Effect of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Hair Growth in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Table 2

Clinical and biochemical characteristics at the start of the study and after 24 weeks of treatment.

Variables	Treatment (𝑁=37)			Placebo (𝑁=39)			𝑃 value*	𝑃 value^†
	Week 0^‡	Week 24	Δ 24−0 weeks	Week 0^‡	Week 24	Δ 24−0 weeks
Body weight (kg)	72.9±10.1	72.4±10.2	−0.5±1.6	71.1±10.6	71.0±10.8	0.1±2.3	0.079, 0.747	0.419
WC (cm)	89.0±7.3	85.8±6.7	−3.3±3.6	87.1±6.1	83.7±6.5	−3.4±6.1	0.000, 0.001	0.890
Systolic BP (mmHg)	125.6±15.5	124.4±13.8	−1.2±11.3	128.3±14.6	129.3±13.8	1.0±15.8	0.518, 0.710	0.496
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	84.1±12.8	84.0±10.7	−0.1±10.0	85.9±13.6	85.2±10.7	−0.8±13.9	0.948, 0.731	0.813
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	109.9±30.0	112.9±14.9	3.1±27.2	104.4±16.4	114.5±22.4	10.1±23.4	0.499, 0.011	0.229
AST (IU/L)	22.0±3.9	22.9±4.6	0.9±4.7	22.7±4.1	25.7±6.4	3.0±5.8	0.246, 0.002	0.091
ALT (IU/L)	20.3±8.5	22.7±11.6	2.3±10.4	23.5±8.7	27.2±13.3	3.6±11.1	0.183, 0.049	0.603
GGT (IU/L)	33.0±29.7	31.4±17.6	−1.6±18.5	38.5±25.3	40.3±27.4	1.8±12.6	0.603, 0.378	0.351
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.92±0.13	0.91±0.14	−0.01±0.08	0.96±0.13	0.96±0.14	−0.00±0.11	0.290, 0.827	0.658
Free testosterone (pg/mL)	8.5±3.2	9.5±3.1	0.9±3.7	10.9±3.6	10.2±3.4	−0.7±3.5	0.135, 0.235	0.055

AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; BP: blood pressure; GGT: gamma-glutamyltransferase; WC: waist circumference.
Data are means ± SD. Δ 24-0 weeks and difference compared with baseline.
*Paired Student’s 𝑡-test within group.
^†Two-way repeated measures ANOVA over time between groups.