Effects of the Kampo Formula Tokishakuyakusan on Headaches and Concomitant Depression in Middle-Aged Women

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of the study participants by groups classified on the basis of their headache frequency (𝑁=345).

	0-1 time a month (𝑁=163)	1-2 times a week (𝑁=95)	3-4 times per week (𝑁=40)	Almost every day (𝑁=47)	𝑃 value
Age (years)	51.6±4.5	50.1±4.3	51.1±4.7	49.7±4.1	0.012
Menopause status (%)
Menopause transition	44	48	53	47	0.737
Postmenopausal	56	52	48	53
Height (cm)	156.2±10.9	158.0±4.6	156.7±4.8	156.7±4.6	0.406
Body weight (kg)	52.8±8.1	53.0±7.9	53.2±11.3	54.3±10.7	0.809
Body mass index (kg·m^−2)	21.5±3.3	21.3±3.1	21.6±3.6	22.1±4.2	0.639
Waist circumference (cm)	77.9±9.3	77.4±8.5	79.0±10.9	78.4±11.4	0.824
Hip circumference (cm)	91.4±6.1	90.8±5.5	91.3±7.8	91.9±7.5	0.819
Waist-hip ratio	0.85±0.06	0.85±0.06	0.86±0.07	0.85±0.07	0.771
Body fat (%)	26.7±7.4	27.0±7.9	28.5±7.9	27.0±8.9	0.733
Muscle mass (kg)	35.6±2.8	36.1±2.8	36.0±3.1	36.0±2.8	0.648
Body water mass (kg)	27.2±2.8	27.4±2.9	27.6±3.1	27.6±3.1	0.885
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	124.3±16.5	122.5±12.4	127.7±19.3	123.8±14.1	0.382
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	79.9±11.4	79.0±8.8	80.9±12.4	79.3±11.6	0.801
Pulse rate (min^−1)	62.7±10.4	61.0±12.2	62.2±8.2	64.6±10.2	0.297
Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI)	7.54±0.68	7.40±0.60	7.48±0.75	7.55±0.74	0.479
Ankle-brachial index (ABI)	1.11±0.06	1.12±0.06	1.11±0.06	1.11±0.07	0.930
Alcohol consumption (%)
Daily	15	10	11	9	0.711
Sometimes	22	30	26	22
None	63	60	63	69
Smoking (%)
≥20 cigarettes/day	4	3	5	7	0.821
<20 cigarettes/day	9	12	5	11
None	87	85	89	82
Caffeinated beverage consumption (%)
≥3 cups/day	70	68	68	53	0.365
<3 cups/day	22	23	29	38
None	8	9	3	9

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or percentage.
The 𝑃 values were derived from one-way analysis of variance or Fisher’s exact test.