Synergistic Effect of Fermented Rice Extracts on the Probiotic and Laxative Properties of Yoghurt in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

Table 3

Remnant fecal pellets in the colon of loperamide-induced constipated rats after oral treatment of the test agents.

Groups	Remnant fecal pellets in the colon
	Numbers	Mean thicknesses (μm)
Controls
Vehicle	3.80 ± 0.84	2.69 ± 0.80
Loperamide	7.00 ± 1.00^a	4.97 ± 0.13^e
Single formula
FRe 5 mg/kg	4.40 ± 0.89^c	4.35 ± 0.40^e
FRe 10 mg/kg	4.00 ± 0.71^c	3.94 ± 0.06^eg
Yoghurt	3.80 ± 0.84^c	3.57 ± 0.36^g
Mixed formula
BFRe 0.05%	2.40 ± 1.67^bc	3.32 ± 0.43^g
BFRe 0.1%	1.60 ± 0.89^ac	2.87 ± 0.83^g
BFRe 1%	1.20 ± 0.45^ac	2.18 ± 0.58^g

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of five rats.
Yoghurt: Bulgaris, a brand of commercial yoghurt (Namyang, Korea).
FRe: fermented rice extracts.
BFRe: mixed formula consisting of yoghurt and the appropriate percentages (0.05, 0.1 and 1%) of FRe.
^a and ^b compared with the vehicle control by the LSD test.
^c compared with the loperamide control by the LSD test.
^e compared with the vehicle control by the MW test.
^g compared with the loperamide control by the MW test.