Synergistic Effect of Fermented Rice Extracts on the Probiotic and Laxative Properties of Yoghurt in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

Table 5

Histomorphometry of the colon and remnant fecal pellets in loperamide-induced constipated rats after oral treatment of the test agents.

Groups	Histomorphometry (at sacrifice)
	Fecal pellet surface mucous thicknesses (μm)	Mucous-producing cell numbers (cells/mm^2)	Colon mucosa thicknesses (μm)
Controls
Vehicle	46.17 ± 5.02	673.80 ± 79.28	396.20 ± 63.85
Loperamide	15.01 ± 3.32^a	150.80 ± 13.88^e	224.76 ± 15.92^e
Single formula
FRe 5 mg/kg	22.40 ± 3.57^a	298.20 ± 13.88^eg	262.02 ± 17.97^eg
FRe 10 mg/kg	40.24 ± 8.35^c	395.20 ± 90.76^eg	306.61 ± 17.79^eg
Yoghurt	47.18 ± 4.42^c	477.80 ± 32.51^eg	309.61 ± 12.63^eg
Mixed formula
BFRe 0.05%	51.79 ± 6.90^c	502.20 ± 49.00^eg	344.76 ± 47.57^g
BFRe 0.1%	87.50 ± 7.09^ac	551.80 ± 45.18^fg	369.91 ± 33.32^g
BFRe 1%	107.53 ± 7.32^ac	597.80 ± 57.01^g	404.69 ± 12.10^g

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of five rats.
Yoghurt: Bulgaris, a brand of commercial yoghurt (Namyang, Korea).
FRe: fermented rice extracts.
BFRe: mixed formula consisting of yoghurt and the appropriate percentages (0.05, 0.1 and 1%) of FRe.
^a compared with the vehicle control by the LSD test.
^c compared with the loperamide control by the LSD test.
^e and ^f compared with the vehicle control by the MW test.
^g compared with the loperamide control by the MW test.