Review Article

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Aspirin Resistance: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Chinese herbal prescription or single herb or active ingredients for aspirin resistance in the 16 reviewed studies.

Reference Chinese herbal prescription or single herb or active ingredientsContent (Chinese pinyin, English herb name, Latin herb name, Family) Preparations/dosageChinese patent medicine

Zhang et al. 2010 [39], Yin et al. 2010 [40], Song et al. 2008 [41], Liu et al. 2006 [47]Tongxinluo capsule Renshen (Ginseng; Radix Ginseng; Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.), Shuizhi (Leech; Hirudo; Whitmania pigra Whitman or Hirudo nipponica Whitman or Whitmania acranulata Whitman), Quanxie (Scorpion; Scorpio; Buthus martensii Karsch), Chishao (peony root; Radix Paeoniae Rubra; Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch), Chantui (cicada slough; Periostracum Cicadae; Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius), Tubiechong (ground beetle; Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga; Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker or Steleophaga plancyi (Boleny)), Wusong (Centipede; Scolopendra; Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch), Tanxiang (Sandalwood; Lignum Santali Albi; Santalum album L.), Jiangxiang (Rosewood; Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae; Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen), Ruxiang (Frankincense; Olibanum; Boswellia carterii Birdw. or Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw or Boswellia neglecta M. Moore), Suanzaoren (spine date seed; Semen Ziziphi Spinosae; Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. or spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou), Bingpian (Borneol; Borneolum Syntheticum)Capsule/3 or 4 capsules tidYes

Chai et al. 2008 [37], Guo 2012 [36]Compound danshen dripping pillDanshen (danshen root; Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae; Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge)., Sanqi (Sanqi; Radix Notoginseng; Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen), Bingpian (Borneol; Borneolum Syntheticum)Dripping pill/10 pills tidYes

Wu 2012 [43]Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Danggui (Chinese angelica; Radix Angelicae Sinensis; Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels) 9 g, Shengdihuang (unprocessed rehmannia root; Radix Rehmanniae Recens) 9 g, Taoren (peach seed; Semen Persicae; Amygdalus persica L. or Amygdalus davidiana (Carr.) C. de Vos ex Henry) 12 g, Honghua (Safflower; Flos Carthami; Carthamus tinctorius L.) 9 g, Zhike (orange fruit; Fructus Aurantii; Citrus aurantium L.) 6 g, Chishao (peony root; Radix Paeoniae Rubra; Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch) 6 g, Chuanxiong (sichuan lovage rhizome; Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong; Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.) 5 g, Chaihu (Chinese thorowax root; Radix Bupleuri; Bupleurum chinensis DC. or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.) 3 g, Jiegeng (platycodon root; Radix Platycodonis; Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC.) 5 g, Niuxi (two-toothed achyranthes root; Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae; Achyranthes bidentata Bl.) 9 g, Gancao (liquorice root; Radix Glycyrrhizae; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) 3 g.Decoction//1 dose qd No

Peng et al. 2011 [33] Huoxue capsule Xuefu Zhuyu decoction minor Jiegeng (platycodon root; Radix Platycodonis; Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC.), plus Huangqi (milkvetch root; Radix Astragali seu Hedysari; Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.), and Suanzaoren (spine date seed; Semen Ziziphi Spinosae; Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. or spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou)Capsule/2 capsules tidYes

Chen et al. 2008 [38]Qisheyiqi dripping pillHuangqi (milkvetch root; Radix Astragali seu Hedysari; Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.), Danshen (danshen root; Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae; Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), Sanqi (Sanqi; Radix Notoginseng; Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen), oil of Jiangxiang (Rosewood; Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae; Dallbergia odarifera T. Chen)Dripping pill/0.5 g bidYes

Liu 2008 [45]Zhuoyu Tongmai capsuleMengchong (Tabanus; Gadfly), Shuizhi (Leech; Hirudo; Whitmania pigra Whitman or Hirudo nipponica Whitman or Whitmania acranulata Whitman), Taoren (peach seed; Semen Persicae; Amygdalus persica L. or Amygdalus davidiana (Carr.) C. de Vos ex Henry), Dahuang (rhubarb root and rhizome; Radix et Rhizoma Rhei; Rheum palmatum L. or Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. or Rheum officinale Baill.)Capsule/2 capsules tidYes

Cheng et al. 2010 [46]Fufang Danshen injectionDanshen (danshen root; Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae; Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), Jiangxiang (Rosewood; Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae; Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen)Injection/20 ml qdYes

Luo et al. 2012 [49]Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsuleHuangqi (milkvetch root; Radix Astragali seu Hedysari; Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.), Guizhi (cassia twig; Ramulus Cinnamomi; Cinnamomum cassia Presl), Daxueteng (sargentgloryvine stem; Caulis Sargentodoxae; Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils.), Shuizhi (Leech; Hirudo; Whitmania pigra Whitman or Hirudo nipponica Whitman or Whitmania acranulata Whitman), Quanxie (Scorpion; Scorpio; Buthus martensii Karsch), Dilong (Earthworm; Lumbricus; Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) or Pheretima vulgaris Chen or Pheretima guillelmi (Michaelsen) or Pheretima pectinifera Michaelsen ) Capsule/1.6 g tidNo

Ma et al. 2012 [34]Sodium ferulate tablets The sodium salt of ferulic acid. It is found in the root of Angelica sinensis. Ferulic acid can also be extracted from the root of the Chinese herb Ligusticum chuanxiong.Tablets/100 mg tidYes

Su 2012 [35]DiaoXinxuekang capsuleA dry extract of the root of Dioscorea nipponica Makino Capsule/1.6 g tidYes

Liu 2010 [67]Gingko biloba tabletsExtract of Yinxingye (ginkgo leaf; Folium Ginkgo; Ginkgo biloba L.) Tablets/2 tablets tidYes

Sun et al. 2009 [48]Lumbrokinase enteric-coated capsulesA group of proteolytic enzymes derived from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus Enteric-coated capsule/60,000 IU tidYes