Research Article
Allium sativum L. Improves Visual Memory and Attention in Healthy Human Volunteers
| | Neuropsychological tests | Group A () | Group B () | | | | | Baseline | After 5 weeks | Baseline | After 5 weeks |
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Visual Memory Test |
Paired Associative Learning (PAL) | PAL total errors (adjusted) | 31 (22.65) | 13.22 (8.23) | 15.1 (9.78) | 13.7 (10.4) | | PAL mean errors to success | 6.2 (4.53) | 2.64 (1.65) | 3.02 (1.96) | 2.74 (2.08) | | PAL mean trials to success | 2.69 (0.81) | 1.86 (0.51) | 2.08 (0.6) | 1.82 (0.37) | | PAL total errors (8 shapes, adjusted) | 4.78 (5.43) | 0.78 (1.3) | 1.6 (2.5) | 1.6 (2.99) |
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Verbal Memory Test |
Verbal Recognition Memory (VRM) | VRM free recall—total correct (immediate) | 11.11 (3.3) | 12.89 (1.45) | 11.2 (2.86) | 12.7 (1.77) | | VRM free recall—total novel words (immediate) | 0.11 (0.33) | 0.44 (0.88) | 0.6 (0.97) | 0.4 (0.97) | | VRM recognition—total correct (immediate) | 34.67 (0.71) | 35.22 (0.67) | 34.4 (1.96) | 35 (1.7) | | VRM recognition—total false positives (immediate) | 0.33 (0.5) | 0.22 (0.44) | 0.3 (0.67) | 0.4 (0.97) | | VRM recognition—total correct (delayed) | 34.44 (1.59) | 34.78 (1.92) | 34.1 (1.85) | 33.4 (5.89) |
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The values are expressed as “mean (SD)” and indicates that variation is statistically significant ().
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