Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Acute Low Back Pain in Emergency Department: A Pilot Cohort Study

Table 5

Results of gamma regression model with GEE method on VAS.

Predictor	Coefficient	SE	Mean ratio	95% C.I.	value
(Intercept)	1.701	0.368	5.478	2.665–11.259	<0.001^∗
Age	0.001	0.002	1.001	0.997–1.005	0.637
BMI	−0.001	0.012	0.999	0.977–1.022	0.920
Gender
Male	0.008	0.096	1.008	0.835–1.215	0.936
Female	0.000		1.000
Group
Acupuncture	0.156	0.098	1.169	0.964–1.417	0.113
Control	0.000		1.000
Time
3	−0.377	0.175	0.686	0.487–0.966	0.031^∗
2	−0.132	0.077	0.876	0.753–1.019	0.086
1	0.000		1.000
Interaction
Acupuncture Time 3	0.021	0.196	1.021	0.695–1.499	0.916
Acupuncture Time 2	−0.380	0.092	0.684	0.571–0.819	<0.001^∗
Acupuncture Time 1	0.000		1.000
Control Time 3	0.000		1.000
Control Time 2	0.000		1.000
Control Time 1	0.000		1.000

Statistically significant difference ().