Jasada bhasma, a Zinc-Based Ayurvedic Preparation: Contemporary Evidence of Antidiabetic Activity Inspires Development of a Nanomedicine

Table 2

A summary of metabolic actions of zinc and their mechanism.

Metabolic action	Mechanism of action	References
Increases insulin action	Increases stability and receptor binding	[11, 12]
Improves insulin signaling	PTP1B inhibition	[16]
Enhances insulin signaling	Increases receptor phosphorylation and PI3K activity	[17]
Beneficial effect on glycogen metabolism	GSK3 inhibition	[14]
Increases glucose uptake	GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes	[19, 20]
Decreases lipolysis	Inhibition of HSL and FFA release	[21]
Inhibits glucagon secretion	Opening of KATP channels in pancreatic alpha cells	[22, 23]
Inhibits intestinal glucose absorption	Inhibits alpha-glucosidase enzyme	[18]
Reduces oxidative stress	Enhances SOD activity	[25]
Protects beta cells	Modulates NFκB activation	[26]