Do Herbal Formulas Influence the International Normalized Ratio of Patients Taking Warfarin? A Retrospective Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics between the herbal and nonherbal groups.
Herbal group ( = 45)
Nonherbal group ( = 41)
value
Male/female
19/26
17/24
0.943
Age (year)
70.0 ± 12.0
70.5 ± 12.8
0.842
Admission days
26.5 ± 5.7
23.9 ± 7.6
0.077
Period of taking the same dose of warfarin (days)
15.6 ± 8.0
11.9 ± 7.6
0.027
Reason for hospitalization
0.274
Cerebral infarction
43
38
Intracerebral hemorrhage
0
2
Epidural hemorrhage
0
1
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
1
0
Parkinson’s disease
1
0
Medical history
Hypertension
37
29
0.208
Diabetes mellitus
17
9
0.110
Dyslipidemia
13
16
0.321
Cerebral infarction
10
4
0.118
Indicators of warfarin
Cerebral infarction
9
2
0.036
Valvular heart disease (non-op)
1
1
0.947
Valvular heart disease (op)
0
3
0.065
Coronary artery disease
0
2
0.134
Atrial fibrillation
35
31
0.812
Pulmonary embolism
1
2
0.503
Patent foramen ovale
1
0
0.337
Aortic dissection
0
1
0.292
Medications
Antiplatelet drugs
7
10
0.304
Antihypertensive drugs
32
25
0.321
Antidiabetic drugs
13
6
0.112
Antidyslipidemic drugs
14
17
0.318
Warfarin dose (mg/day)
3.0 ± 1.4
3.3 ± 1.5
0.258
Initial INR (INR)
2.4 ± 0.3
2.4 ± 0.3
0.371
Number of tests of INR
4.6 ± 2.5
4.7 ± 2.8
0.981
Initial laboratory findings
AST (IU/L)
23.8 ± 9.8
23.8 ± 10.3
0.992
ALT (IU/L)
22.8 ± 16.3
24.1 ± 18.9
0.719
BUN (mg/dL)
16.5 ± 6.3
17.6 ± 6.1
0.470
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.89 ± 0.27
0.86 ± 0.25
0.561
Platelet (×103/μL)
265.9 ± 96.3
254.6 ± 81.2
0.559
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
13.85 ± 5.23
12.12 ± 1.61
0.045
Hematocrit (%)
42.40 ± 31.94
35.78 ± 4.39
0.192
non-op: without operation history, op: with operation history, INR: international normalized ratio, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, AST: aminotransferase, and ALT: alanine transferase. Student’s -test was used for continuous variables, and Pearson’s Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Data are expressed as number or mean ± standard deviation; < 0.05 was considered significant.
