Essential Oils from Ugandan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: Chemical Composition and Growth Inhibitory Effects on Oral Pathogens

Table 2

Chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aromatic medicinal plants.

Name of constituent	Percentage of constituents in essential oil^a
	[A]^b	[A]	[A]	[L]	[L]	[P]	[P]	[R]	[R]	[V]
	B.pi^c	H.od	V.am	H.op	O.gr	C.ci	C.na	T.no	Z.ch	L.tr
	(0.05)^d	(0.31)	(ND)	(0.12)	(0.21)	(0.39)	(0.36)	(0.16)	(0.21)	(0.14)
Monoterpenes
3-Carene									8.3
4-Carene									2.8
Limonene									2.5
Myrcene						10.2	10.5
cis-β-Ocimene					3.7				2.1
trans-β-Ocimene			3.8		7.6			8.5
α-Phellandrene									5.1
β-Phellandrene									1.5
α-Pinene		4.2							1.1
β-Pinene									2.6	3.0
Terpinolene									1.4
Oxygenated monoterpenes
Artemiseole						1.6
1,8-Cineol									1.1
Citronellal									1.1
Geranial						35.7			13.3
Geranic acid						7.2
Geraniol						3.8			2.4
Geranyl acetate									1.5
Linalool	1.4				1.0	1.3			6.4
Neral						28.6			9.9
Nerolic acid						2.5
Terpinene-4-ol									22.3
α-Terpineol									2.2
cis-β-Terpineol			4.0						1.2	2.4
Sesquiterpenes
α-Bulnesene		2.8
Cadinene	3.8				1.7
δ-Cadinene		7.0		11.4				7.3
Calarene							4.6
β-Caryophyllene	12.6	12.6	5.9	10	3.5		1.0			8.4
Cedrene	1.5		3.0							3.3
α-Copaene		7.3		4.6	2.0
β-Cubebene	11.7				10.9
γ-Elemene							1.6	2.4		1.5
β-Elemene							1.9
E,E-α-Farnesene			3.6							4.9
β-Farnesene					5.5					1.2
Germacrene D			27.5	28.7			1.3	54.4		23.7
α-Gurjunene								4.9
Humulene		14.1		24.4						2.9
α-Muurolene							4.3
β-Patchoulene							4
Selina-3,7(11)-diene		3.3
Thujopsene	4.6
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes
α-Cadinol	1.3			1.8			2.1	9.1		1.2
Tau-Cadinol								2.0
Elemol							1.8
Eudesmol							1.8
Germacrene D-4-ol							8.6
(−)-Globulol	1.0
Guaiol							1.2
Intermedeol							43.7
Ledol					1.2
Levomenol		7.3
Nerolidol	1.1		2.4					1.9
3-Methyl-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl)-but-3-en-2-one							3.4
Muurolol								3.4
Diterpene
Phytol		1.6	2.3	4.3				1.2		5.9
Aromatic compounds
Elixene	5.1
Eugenol			18.3		56.4					3.7
Methyl isoeugenol								1.7
Aromatic compound	24.4
Aliphatic compounds
Decanal									1.1
19,19-Dimethyl-eicosa-8,11-dienoic acid		3.8
3,4-Dimethyl-1-hexene			2.4							1.1
Ethyl linolenate		3.9		3.7						18.4
Methyl linolenate										3.1
1-Hexanol	2.2
2-Hexen-1-ol	1.2
2-Hexenal	1.6
6-Methyl-3-heptanol										2.7
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one						1.5
Methyl octadec-9-en-12-ynoate		2.2
Myristic acid		1.4
3-Octanol			3.9
1-Octen-3-ol			13.9		1.1
Palmitic acid		27.1	5.9	10.2				2.1		11.2
2-Undecanone						1.1
Others^e	26.5	1.4	3.1	1.0	5.4	6.5	8.2	1.1	10.1	1.4

Expressed as percentage of the peak area relative to the total peak area and only constituents which were 1% or larger are shown.
^bPlant family names: [A] = Asteraceae; [L] = Lamiaceae; [P] = Poaceae; [R] = Rutaceae; [V] = Verbenaceae.
^cPlant species names: B.pi = Bidens pilosa; H.od = Helichrysum odoratissimum; V.am = Vernonia amygdalina; H.op = Hoslundia opposita; O.gr = Ocimum gratissimum; C.ci = Cymbopogon citratus; C.na = Cymbopogon nardus; T.no = Teclea nobilis Delile; Z.ch = Zanthoxylum chalybeum; L.tr = Lantana trifolia.
^dEssential oil yield (% w/w); ND = yield not determined.
^eOther compounds which were less than 1% in the oil.