Aqueous Date Flesh or Pits Extract Attenuates Liver Fibrosis via Suppression of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokines, Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Angiogenic Markers in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats

Figure 5

Effect of date flesh extract (DFE), date pits extract (DPE), coffee, and the combination groups on hepatic levels of proinflammatory mediators. (a) Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), (b) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and (c) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in CCl₄-intoxicated rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. a: significantly different from normal control group; b: significantly different from CCl₄-treated group; c: significantly different from coffee-treated group; d: significantly different from DFE-treated group. , , .