Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Leaves of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae)

Table 1

DPPH-scavenging activity, IC₅₀ values, total flavonoids, and cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract and fractions from leaves of Solanum lycocarpum.

Samples	DPPH scavenging activity					IC50 (μg/mL)	TFC	CC50 (95% CL)
	1 μg/mL	10 μg/mL	100 μg/mL	250 μg/mL	500 μg/mL			μg/mL
EE	32.03 ± 0.42^ab	37.16 ± 0.34^ab	93.69 ± 0.23^ab	97.42 ± 0.06^ab	99.38 ± 0.27^a	36.63 ± 6.06^ab	8.40 ± 0.74	10.20 ± 1.54
Hex	38.66 ± 0.52^a	41.82 ± 0.64^ab	47.29 ± 0.58^ab	58.28 ± 0.91^ab	67.02 ± 0.69^ab	178.14 ± 33.63^ab	3.40 ± 0.47	13.51 ± 3.72
DCM	33.34 ± 0.24^ab	66.00 ± 0.17^ab	71.37 ± 0.62^ab	83.56 ± 0.83^ab	99.59 ± 0.19^a	4.29 ± 0.89^ab	168.00 ± 2.89	165.70 ± 4.00
Ac	43.48 ± 0.29^ab	65.73 ± 0.73^ab	76.65 ± 0.29^ab	92.43 ± 0.28^ab	97.10 ± 0.69^ab	1.82 ± 0.32^a	184.00 ± 1.73	9975.00 ± 5.41
HE	32.09 ± 1.67^ab	65.88 ± 0.84^ab	87.80 ± 0.35^ab	91.91 ± 0.40^b	98.41 ± 0.05^ab	3.46 ± 0.45^ab	105.00 ± 1.15	25.00 ± 2.01
BHT	18.50 ± 0.24	25.90 ± 0.64	86.00 ± 0.56	91.40 ± 0.28	94.02 ± 0.64	16.36 ± 1.63	—	—
AA	39.10 ± 0.34	82.60 ± 0.26	90.80 ± 0.32	95.08 ± 0.43	99.80 ± 0.58	1.62 ± 0.25	—	—

Ethanol extract (EE), hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (Ac), and hydroethanol (HE) fractions, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and ascorbic acid (AA).
IC₅₀: concentration (in μg/mL) of samples required to inhibit the formation of DPPH radicals by 50%.
TFC: total flavonoids content: results expressed as μg of rutin equivalents/mg of extract or fraction.
CC₅₀: concentration that killed 50% of cells; CL: confidence limits.
Each value in the table is the mean ± standard deviation (). ^ap < 0.05 compared with BHT, ^bp < 0.05 compared with AA.