Propolis Ethanol Extract Stimulates Cytokine and Chemokine Production through NF-κB Activation in C2C12 Myoblasts

Figure 1

Effects of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) on mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines in C2C12 myoblasts. C2C12 cells were treated with PEE (100 μg/mL) from Brazilian propolis for 12 h (a, c) or 8 h (b, d, and e). (a) Cell number before and after PEE treatment. Data are represented as means ± SD of four samples. qRT-PCR analysis of (b) cytokines, (d) MAIL, and (e) chemokines in C2C12 cells treated with PEE or vehicle. Data normalized to HPRT-1 mRNA (means ± SD of four samples). (c) Accumulation of IL-6 in culture medium from C2C12 cells after treatment with PEE (means ± SD of eight samples). versus vehicle-treated control cells.

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