Research Article
A Yoga Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress: A Preliminary Randomized Control Trial
Table 3
Means and standard deviations for study outcomes by treatment group before treatment, at midtreatment, and after treatment.
| | | Waitlist control group | Yoga group | | Measure |
Before treatment |
Midtreatment |
After treatment |
Before treatment |
Midtreatment |
After treatment | | | | | | | | | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD |
| | PCL-17 | 55.1 | 11.9 | 52.5 | 11.6 | 55.4 | 13.5 | 59.5 | 9.3 | 48.5 | 14.3 | 41.8 | 12.0 | | ISI | 16.1 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 5.6 | 16.4 | 5.8 | 14.4 | 8.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 6.7 | | PANAS (+ve) | 26.9 | 7.9 | 24.5 | 7.0 | 23.8 | 6.1 | 26.3 | 7.5 | 28.6 | 6.8 | 30.5 | 7.9 | | PANAS (−ve) | 24.7 | 9.3 | 25.7 | 9.2 | 21.9 | 7.7 | 24.2 | 9.4 | 22.4 | 9.0 | 19.0 | 7.7 | | PSS | 24.8 | 7.2 | 21.8 | 6.6 | 21.6 | 4.8 | 24.9 | 7.6 | 15.4 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 11.4 | | DASS 21 (depression) | 10.3 | 5.8 | 8.5 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 8.1 | 4.7 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 4.3 | | DASS 21 (anxiety) | 9.6 | 5.4 | 9.3 | 5.5 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 4.3 | | DASS 21 (stress) | 12.9 | 5.7 | 12.4 | 5.3 | 11.0 | 4.4 | 13.2 | 4.8 | 10.5 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 4.5 | | FFMQ (observing) | 25.4 | 5.5 | 24.6 | 7.0 | 24.6 | 6.5 | 26.5 | 6.1 | 28.9 | 9.7 | 271 | 6.0 | | FFMQ (describing) | 24.7 | 3.3 | 23.6 | 4.7 | 24.0 | 4.5 | 24.7 | 2.8 | 25.2 | 3.8 | 25.1 | 2.6 | | FFMQ (acting with awareness) | 28.4 | 8.0 | 28.5 | 7.9 | 26.6 | 7.6 | 26.0 | 4.5 | 23.8 | 5.4 | 22.3 | 6.5 | | FFMQ (being nonjudgemental) | 28.7 | 7.9 | 26.3 | 8.5 | 25.6 | 8.7 | 25.6 | 7.1 | 21.1 | 8.6 | 21.7 | 8.5 | | FFMQ (nonreactive focus) | 18.9 | 5.9 | 20.0 | 5.7 | 20.3 | 3.3 | 18.2 | 4.9 | 20.1 | 5.0 | 21.1 | 4.9 | | RS | 110.7 | 25.8 | 114.3 | 20.3 | 111.1 | 23.9 | 112.4 | 24.1 | 122.5 | 23.3 | 124.7 | 23.2 |
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Note. PCL = PTSD Checklist; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; DASS 21 = Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; FFMQ = 5-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; RS = Resilience Scale.
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