Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 1

Characteristics of studies reporting adverse events.

Study author, year	Study design	Stage of COPD	Comparison	Sample size	Number randomised to treatment group/control group	CHM intervention; administration	Cointervention/comparator
Che HZ, 2005	RCT	Stable	2	50	25/25	Zhi ke qing fei liquid, oral	Pharmacotherapy
Chen R, 2005	RCT	AECOPD	2	66	36/30	Jin shui bao capsule, oral	Pharmacotherapy
Cui FS, 2013	RCT	AECOPD	2	69	35/34	Ma xing shi gan tang, oral	Multipharmacotherapies
Dong GB, 2008	RCT	AECOPD	2	240	120/120	Xi xin nao, IV	Pharmacotherapy
Fu ZY, 2008	RCT	Stable	2	60	30/30	Chen xia liu jun zi tang + San zi yang qin tang (modified), oral	Methylxanthines
Gong GL, 2008	RCT	AECOPD	2	96	53/43	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus mucolytics
Guo LX, 2005	RCT	AECOPD	2	60	30/30	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic
Guo YR, 2011	RCT	AECOPD	2	60	30/30	Huang qi tang, oral	Multipharmacotherapies
Han GL, 2011	RCT	AECOPD	2	68	37/31	Hua zhuo qu yu tang, oral	Pharmacotherapy
Hu Y, 2010	RCT	AECOPD	2	94	34/28	Tan re qing, inhaled	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic
Hua ZQ, 2013	RCT	AECOPD	2	98	50/48	Yi qi qing fei tang, oral	Pharmacotherapy
Huang B, 2006	RCT	AECOPD	2	60	30/30	Tan re qing, IV	Multipharmacotherapies
Huang DH, 2005	RCT	Stable	2	63	32/31	Yu ping feng ke li + Bai ling capsule + Jian pi yi fei chong ji, oral	Pharmacotherapy
Ji, 2003	CCT	Stable	2	19	10/9	CHM formula (unnamed), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Li L, 2011	RCT	Stable	2	70	35/35	Shen ge jiao nang, oral	Methylxanthines plus placebo
Li DL, 2009	RCT	AECOPD	2	60	30/30	Xuan bai chen qi tang, oral	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic
Li FY, 2009	RCT	AECOPD	2	96	64/32	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus mucolytics
Li PW, 2010	CS	NS	4	68	NA	Wen qing di tan yin (modified), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Li SY, 2012	RCT	Stable	2	352	176/176	Bu fei jian pi or Bu fei yi shen or Yi qi zi shen, oral	Pharmacotherapy
Liang AL, 2009	RCT	Stable	2	60	30/30	CHM formula (unnamed), oral	Salmeterol/fluticasone and methylxanthines
Liu JB, 2012	RCT	AECOPD	2	62	31/31	Tan re qing, IV	Pharmacotherapy
Liu W, 2011	RCT	AECOPD	2	62	32/30	Xie fei tang + Li pi bu shen tang (modified), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Liu XJ, 2005	CS	AECOPD	4	126	NA	Tan re qing, IV	Pharmacotherapy
Liu YQ, 2006	RCT	AECOPD	2	83	43/40	Jin shui bao jiao nang, oral	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus steroids
Ma XC, 2009	RCT	AECOPD	2	112	60/52	Tan re qing, IV	Multipharmacotherapies
Ming ZQ, 2008	RCT	AECOPD	2	40	20/20	Xue bi jing, IV	Pharmacotherapy
Mukaida, 2011	RCT	Stable	1	24	13/11	Mai men dong tang (Bakumondoto), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Ou L, 2012	CCT	AECOPD	1	82	41/41	Jin kui shen qi pill + Ma xing shi gan formula + Xiao qing long formula + Bu fei formula, oral	Multipharmacotherapies
Peng WG, 2008	RCT	AECOPD	2	87	44/43	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic
Shen YD, 2010	RCT	Stable	2	81	32/49	Gu ben ke chuan pill, oral	Ipratropium bromide plus routine care
Tong WN, 2012	RCT	Stable	2	82	42/40	Xiao ke chuan jiao nang, oral	Bronchodilator
Wu, 2011	RCT	Stable	1	263	178/85	Jian pi yi fei II (modified), oral	Placebo
Xiong CW, 2011	RCT	AECOPD	2	112	56/56	Fu zheng hua tan qu yu tang (modified), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Yang XJ, 2006	RCT	AECOPD	2	50	25/25	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus bronchodilator plus mucolytic
Ye, 2010	RCT	Stable	1	90	45/45	Bu yuan tang, oral	Pharmacotherapy
You BW, 2007	RCT	Stable	2	64	32/32	Yi fei he ji, oral	Methylxanthines plus a bronchodilator plus steroid
Yuan YL, 2011	RCT	AECOPD	2	80	40/40	Sang bai pi tang (modified), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Zhai, 2012	RCT	Stable	1	140	70/70	Fu zheng qing tan hua yu, oral	Drug therapy
Zhang, 2008	RCT	Stable	1	73	38/35	Liu jun zi pill, oral	No treatment
Zhang LH, 2011	RCT	AECOPD	2	80	40/40	Su zi jiang qi tang, oral	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic
Zhang Y, 2004	RCT	AECOPD	2	60	30/30	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic
Zhang YF, 2010	CS	NS	3	45	NA	Yang he tang (modified), oral	NA
Zhao W, 2012	RCT	AECOPD	2	62	31/31	CHM formula (unnamed), oral	Multidrug therapy
Zheng H, 2012	RCT	AECOPD	2	60	30/30	CHM formula (unnamed), oral	Pharmacotherapy
Zheng XG, 2003	CS	Stable	3	60	NA	Yi xin kang tai jiao nang, oral	NA
Zhong HW, 2010	RCT	Stable	2	87	44/43	Fei shu jiao nang, oral	Methylxanthines alone
Zhou J, 2008	RCT	AECOPD	2	81	43/38	Tan re qing, IV	Antibiotics plus methylxanthines plus mucolytic

AECOPD: acute exacerbation of COPD; CCT: controlled clinical trial; CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; CS: case series; I: intervention; IV: intravenous; NA: not applicable; NS: not specified; RCT: randomised controlled trial.
Comparison column: 1: CHM versus control; 2: CHM plus pharmacotherapy versus pharmacotherapy; 3: CHM (case series); 4: CHM plus pharmacotherapy (case series).