Review Article

Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 2

Summary of adverse events.

Intervention typeGroupGastrointestinal eventsDermatological eventsMiscellaneous events

Controlled trials
CHM () [39, 40, 44, 48, 50, 58]TreatmentTotal events: 2
Diarrhoea: 2
NoneTotal events: 11
Not specified: 5
Shivering/shaking hands: 3
Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 2
Infection: 1
ControlTotal: 6
Nausea/bloating: 3
Bloating: 3
NoneTotal: 10
Not specified: 3
Infection: 2
Insomnia: 1
Limb tremor: 1
Tachycardia: 1
Cerebrovascular accident: 1
Heart failure: 1

CHM + pharmacotherapy () [1330, 3234, 3638, 4143, 4547, 49, 5154, 56, 57]TreatmentTotal: 33
Nausea and abdominal distension: 9
Nausea: 8
Nausea and vomiting: 6
Gastrointestinal reaction (unspecified): 4
Nausea and diarrhoea: 2
Nausea and stomach upset: 2
Constipation: 1
Abdominal distension: 1
Total: 10
Rash/red papules: 7
Itching: 3
Total: 28
Dry mouth: 5
Exacerbation of COPD: 5
Dizziness: 3
Upper respiratory tract infection: 2
Dry mouth and abdominal distension: 2
Acid regurgitation and chest distress: 2
Nose injury (trauma due to breathing mask): 2
Headache: 1
Hypertension: 1
Insomnia: 1
Irritability: 1
Palpitation: 1
Pulmonary encephalopathy: 1
Thirst: 1
ControlTotal: 26
Nausea: 8
Nausea and vomiting: 4
Nausea and dizziness: 4
Diarrhoea: 4
Nausea and abdominal distension: 2
Abdominal distension: 1
Loss of appetite: 1
Constipation: 1
Stomach discomfort: 1
Total: 7
Rash: 6
Blister: 1
Total: 53
Dry mouth/throat: 9
Dizziness: 6
Upper respiratory tract infection: 6
Nose injury (trauma due to breathing mask): 4
Palpitation: 4
Pulmonary encephalopathy: 3
Irritability: 3
Fungal infection: 3
Exacerbation of COPD: 2
Hypertension: 2
Leukocyte <4 × 109/L: 2
Lung infection: 2
Insomnia: 1
Black stool: 1
Allergy to antibiotics: 1
Platelet <100 × 109/L: 1
Sinus tachycardia: 1
Thirst: 1
Not specified: 1
Group not specifiedTotal: 10
Abdominal distension: 5
Gastrointestinal reaction (unspecified): 3
Diarrhoea: 2
NoneNone

Case series
CHM () [55, 59]NATotal: 3
Vomiting: 2
Nausea: 1
NoneTotal: 6
Exacerbation of COPD: 5
Headache and dizziness: 1

CHM + pharmacotherapy () [31, 35]NATotal: 1
Abdominal discomfort and nausea: 1
NoneTotal: 1
Death (cause unknown): 1