Ninety-Day Oral Toxicity Assessment of an Alternative Biopolymer for Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems Obtained from Cassava Starch Acetate

Table 1

Effect of FCSA on urinary parameters of male and female Wistar rats exposed for 90 days.

Parameters	Control		FCSA 3 mg/kg/day		FCSA 30 mg/kg/day		FCSA 300 mg/kg/day
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Urine volume (mL/8 hours)	9.76 ± 1.40	10.1 ± 1.34	10.5 ± 1.78	11.2 ± 1.74	12.0 ± 1.27	9.87 ± 1.31	11.2 ± 1.43	12.1 ± 1.64
pH	6.36 ± 0.04	6.27 ± 0.13	6.48 ± 0.12	6.43 ± 0.25	6.15 ± 0.12	6.56 ± 0.15	6.18 ± 0.12	6.52 ± 0.16
Density (g/mL)	1.02 ± 0.0	1.01 ± 0.0	1.01 ± 0.0	1.01 ± 0.0	1.02 ± 0.0	1.01 ± 0.0	1.02 ± 0.0	1.01 ± 0.0
Conductivity (mS/cm)	17.6 ± 0.16	13.1 ± 1.91	17.5 ± 0.62	13.9 ± 1.31	18.0 ± 0.17	14.1 ± 1.15	18.0 ± 0.30	14.1 ± 1.47
Na^+ (mmol/L)	113 ± 1.12	120 ± 1.47	115 ± 0.93	121 ± 1.88	116 ± 1.27	118 ± 1.86	115 ± 2.04	119 ± 1.82
K^+ (mmol/L)	35 ± 3.08	38.7 ± 2.07	34 ± 2.25	39.8 ± 1.66	37 ± 2.06	40.9 ± 1.59	35 ± 0.89	39.4 ± 1.26

Values are expressed as mean ± S. E. M. of ten rats in each group in comparison to the control using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test.