Differences between Male and Female Consumers of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in a National US Population: A Secondary Analysis of 2012 NIHS Data
Table 2
Weighted logistic regression models of CAM use*.
Overall model
Men only
Women only
OR†
95% CI‡
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
Female1
2.75
2.50
3.03
0.00
Region of USA
Midwest2
1.43
1.24
1.65
0.00
1.19
0.94
1.50
0.16
1.69
1.39
2.05
0.00
South
0.70
0.60
0.82
0.00
0.87
0.70
1.09
0.24
0.63
0.52
0.78
0.00
West
2.87
2.46
3.35
0.00
1.78
1.41
2.26
0.00
3.21
2.61
3.93
0.00
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White3
3.01
2.70
3.36
0.00
5.93
4.45
7.91
0.00
2.11
1.81
2.46
0.00
Non-Hispanic Black
0.70
0.58
0.84
0.00
3.03
2.11
4.33
0.00
0.43
0.34
0.54
0.00
Non-Hispanic Asian
0.14
0.11
0.18
0.00
0.44
0.25
0.76
0.00
0.88
0.65
1.19
0.40
Non-Hispanic Other
1.34
0.81
2.23
0.26
3.47
1.67
7.21
0.00
1.07
0.53
2.18
0.85
Education
High school graduate and some degree4
1.15
1.03
1.30
0.02
2.60
1.93
3.50
0.00
0.89
0.76
1.04
0.13
Bachelor degree
1.93
1.65
2.26
0.00
4.00
2.88
5.55
0.00
1.46
1.19
1.81
0.00
Master degree and higher
5.33
4.49
6.34
0.00
5.58
3.93
7.91
0.00
5.91
4.64
7.53
0.00
Personal earning in the past year (US$)
$10,000–$19,9995
1.07
0.85
1.36
0.56
0.91
0.61
1.36
0.65
1.00
0.75
1.34
0.99
$20,000–$34,999
1.39
1.12
1.72
0.00
1.13
0.80
1.59
0.49
1.19
0.90
1.57
0.22
$35,000–$54,999
0.76
0.61
0.94
0.01
0.50
0.35
0.71
0.00
1.19
0.89
1.58
0.24
$55,000–$74,999
1.66
1.29
2.14
0.00
1.02
0.70
1.48
0.92
1.52
1.06
2.18
0.02
$75,000+
1.51
1.19
1.93
0.00
1.03
0.73
1.45
0.88
1.23
0.83
1.80
0.30
Refused to report or do not know
2.30
1.87
2.82
0.00
0.68
0.47
0.97
0.04
3.71
2.81
4.89
0.00
Did not work in the past year
1.10
0.93
1.31
0.27
0.79
0.58
1.08
0.14
0.89
0.71
1.12
0.33
Marital status/relationship
Divorced or separated6
1.57
1.39
1.76
0.00
1.11
0.91
1.36
0.30
2.06
1.75
2.41
0.00
Widowed
2.06
1.81
2.34
0.00
3.06
2.41
3.89
0.00
2.85
2.39
3.39
0.00
Never married
0.99
0.85
1.14
0.84
0.95
0.78
1.16
0.61
0.97
0.79
1.19
0.76
Family spending on medical care
$1–499
0.71
0.62
0.81
0.00
1.50
1.17
1.93
0.00
0.50
0.42
0.60
0.00
$500–1999
0.61
0.52
0.71
0.00
0.98
0.75
1.28
0.90
0.68
0.56
0.84
0.00
$2000–2999
1.84
1.55
2.18
0.00
0.83
0.59
1.18
0.30
3.98
3.12
5.08
0.00
$3000–4999
1.07
0.84
1.37
0.58
1.79
1.24
2.60
0.00
0.96
0.71
1.31
0.81
$5000+7
0.92
0.73
1.17
0.51
1.29
0.90
1.86
0.17
1.01
0.73
1.38
0.97
CAM use: use at least one CAM modality vs. no CAM use at all. †OR: odds ratio; ‡CI: confidence interval.
1Reference = male; 2reference = Northeast; 3reference = Hispanics; 4reference = less than high school; 5reference = less than $10,000; 6reference = married or living together; 7reference = 0.