Differences between Male and Female Consumers of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in a National US Population: A Secondary Analysis of 2012 NIHS Data

Table 2

Weighted logistic regression models of CAM use^*.

	Overall model				Men only				Women only
	OR^†	95% CI^‡			OR	95% CI			OR	95% CI
Female^1	2.75	2.50	3.03	0.00
Region of USA
Midwest^2	1.43	1.24	1.65	0.00	1.19	0.94	1.50	0.16	1.69	1.39	2.05	0.00
South	0.70	0.60	0.82	0.00	0.87	0.70	1.09	0.24	0.63	0.52	0.78	0.00
West	2.87	2.46	3.35	0.00	1.78	1.41	2.26	0.00	3.21	2.61	3.93	0.00
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White^3	3.01	2.70	3.36	0.00	5.93	4.45	7.91	0.00	2.11	1.81	2.46	0.00
Non-Hispanic Black	0.70	0.58	0.84	0.00	3.03	2.11	4.33	0.00	0.43	0.34	0.54	0.00
Non-Hispanic Asian	0.14	0.11	0.18	0.00	0.44	0.25	0.76	0.00	0.88	0.65	1.19	0.40
Non-Hispanic Other	1.34	0.81	2.23	0.26	3.47	1.67	7.21	0.00	1.07	0.53	2.18	0.85
Education
High school graduate and some degree^4	1.15	1.03	1.30	0.02	2.60	1.93	3.50	0.00	0.89	0.76	1.04	0.13
Bachelor degree	1.93	1.65	2.26	0.00	4.00	2.88	5.55	0.00	1.46	1.19	1.81	0.00
Master degree and higher	5.33	4.49	6.34	0.00	5.58	3.93	7.91	0.00	5.91	4.64	7.53	0.00
Personal earning in the past year (US$)
$10,000–$19,999^5	1.07	0.85	1.36	0.56	0.91	0.61	1.36	0.65	1.00	0.75	1.34	0.99
$20,000–$34,999	1.39	1.12	1.72	0.00	1.13	0.80	1.59	0.49	1.19	0.90	1.57	0.22
$35,000–$54,999	0.76	0.61	0.94	0.01	0.50	0.35	0.71	0.00	1.19	0.89	1.58	0.24
$55,000–$74,999	1.66	1.29	2.14	0.00	1.02	0.70	1.48	0.92	1.52	1.06	2.18	0.02
$75,000+	1.51	1.19	1.93	0.00	1.03	0.73	1.45	0.88	1.23	0.83	1.80	0.30
Refused to report or do not know	2.30	1.87	2.82	0.00	0.68	0.47	0.97	0.04	3.71	2.81	4.89	0.00
Did not work in the past year	1.10	0.93	1.31	0.27	0.79	0.58	1.08	0.14	0.89	0.71	1.12	0.33
Marital status/relationship
Divorced or separated^6	1.57	1.39	1.76	0.00	1.11	0.91	1.36	0.30	2.06	1.75	2.41	0.00
Widowed	2.06	1.81	2.34	0.00	3.06	2.41	3.89	0.00	2.85	2.39	3.39	0.00
Never married	0.99	0.85	1.14	0.84	0.95	0.78	1.16	0.61	0.97	0.79	1.19	0.76
Family spending on medical care
$1–499	0.71	0.62	0.81	0.00	1.50	1.17	1.93	0.00	0.50	0.42	0.60	0.00
$500–1999	0.61	0.52	0.71	0.00	0.98	0.75	1.28	0.90	0.68	0.56	0.84	0.00
$2000–2999	1.84	1.55	2.18	0.00	0.83	0.59	1.18	0.30	3.98	3.12	5.08	0.00
$3000–4999	1.07	0.84	1.37	0.58	1.79	1.24	2.60	0.00	0.96	0.71	1.31	0.81
$5000+^7	0.92	0.73	1.17	0.51	1.29	0.90	1.86	0.17	1.01	0.73	1.38	0.97

CAM use: use at least one CAM modality vs. no CAM use at all. ^†OR: odds ratio; ^‡CI: confidence interval.
¹Reference = male; ²reference = Northeast; ³reference = Hispanics; ⁴reference = less than high school; ⁵reference = less than $10,000; ⁶reference = married or living together; ⁷reference = 0.