Medication and Dietary Supplement Interactions among a Low-Income, Hospitalized Patient Population Who Take Cardiac Medications

Table 2

Specific medication and dietary supplement concordant use self-reported or documented in the medical record.

	High blood pressure medication				Antiarrhythmic and nitrates	Anticoagulants except Warfarin	Warfarin	Cholesterol-lowering drugs; (statins and fibrates)	Diabetes medications
Total	Diuretics	ACE inhibitors	ARBs	Other
Any vitamins/minerals; ()	81	73	46	90	48	79	8	80	73
Vitamin C^*; ()	1	1	0	2	0	2	0	1	1
Vitamin D^*; ()	18	17	4	23	4	17	2	21	18
Multivitamin^*; ()	16	20	3	24	2	18	5	18	16
Calcium^*; ()	14	11	4	13	1	13	3	12	11
Magnesium^*; ()	2	0	1	2	1	2	1	0	2
Any nonvitamin dietary supplement ()	35	35	14	47	10	39	6	39	30
Fish oils/omega fatty acids; ()	14	10	6	16	5	16	2	16	15
Cranberry supplement; ()	11	11	7	15	3	19	2	18	13
Garlic supplements; ()	9	9	5	12	2	13	1	12	8
Ginseng supplement; ()	5	6	1	6	0	7	2	8	7
Ginger supplements; ()	4	4	2	5	0	7	1	6	6
Gingko biloba supplement; ()	2	1	1	2	0	2	1	2	2
St. John’s Wort; ()	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Interaction rates by drug class	89/252 = 0.29				12/95 = 0.04	56/186 = 0.31		57/178 = 0.24	46/152 = 0.15

^*Documented in chart.
Self-reported.
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers.
Other blood pressure medications (beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and prostaglandins).