|
| Intervention | Positive evidence | Negative evidence | Inconclusive |
|
| Mind/Body interventions |
| Mind/Body interventions in general | (i) Effects on pain [53]
(ii) More effective than usual care for some outcomes [63] | | |
| Meditation-based interventions | (i) Mostly positive results [50]
(ii) Most studies indicate improvement [64] | | |
| Mindfulness-based stress reduction | Moderate short-term effects on FMS key symptoms [65] | | |
| Hypnosis/guided imagery | Strong short-term effects on pain [61] | | |
| Biofeedback | (i) Limited evidence for biofeedback [52]
(ii) Moderate effects on pain for EMG biofeedback [62] | (i) No positive results [50]
(ii) No effects of EEG biofeedback [62] | |
| Relaxation | Limited evidence [52] | | |
| Autogenic training | | No effects of autogenic training [50] | |
|
| Exercised-based CAM |
| Qigong | (i) Moderate-to-strong short-term effects on FMS key symptoms [56]
(ii) Moderate effect on functional disability [57]
(iii) A positive trend [53] | (i) No positive results [50]
(ii) No evidence of effects [55] | Too early to draw conclusions [54] |
| Tai Chi | (i) Strong effect on functional disability [57]
(ii) Moderate effect on sleep quality [55]
(iii) One study in favor of tai chi [53] | | |
| Yoga | (i) Significant effects on pain, fatigue, depression, and quality of life [55]
(ii) Moderate effect on functional disability [57] | | |
|
| Manipulative therapies |
| Chiropractic interventions | Limited evidence [60] | (i) No positive evidence [58]
(ii) Insufficient evidence for benefit [52] | Not enough evidence [53] |
| Massage | (i) Moderate evidence [52]
(ii) Massage is beneficial for patients with fibromyalgia [59] | Ineffective [53] | |
|
| Acupuncture |
| | (i) Strong evidence [52]
(ii) Strong evidence for small short-term effects on pain [67]
(iii) Low-to-moderate evidence for acupuncture compared to usual care or standard care [66] | (i) Ineffective [53]
(ii) No evidence for effectiveness [68] | (i) Mixed quality [50]
(ii) Effectiveness not yet supported, mixed evidence [69] |
|
| Balneotherapy/hydrotherapy |
| | (i) Positive evidence [50]
(ii) Limited evidence [52]
(iii) Effects on pain [53]
(iv) Moderate evidence for pain [69]
(v) Strong evidence [72]
(vi) Appears efficacious [70] | | |
|
| Phytotherapy |
| | | | Unclear whether medicinal products or related natural products are effective [73] |
|
| Nutritional supplements |
| | Limited evidence for diverse supplements [52] | Ineffective [53] | |
|
| Homeopathy |
| | (i) Positive results [50]
(ii) Limited evidence [52]
(iii) Some evidence [51] | | (i) Not enough evidence [53]
(ii) Effectiveness remains unproven [74] |
|
