Research Article

A Lindera obtusiloba Extract Blocks Calcium-/Phosphate-Induced Transdifferentiation and Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Interferes with Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 and NF-B

Figure 2

Effects of LOE on Ca/P-induced VSMC calcification and production of alkaline phosphatase. Calcium contents and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) amounts in supernatants served as additional markers of VSMC calcification. Shown are treatment dependent effects on calcium and ALP levels in murine (a) and human VSMC (b) (; mean SD; , ).
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