Effect and Potential Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Add-On Treatment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Table 2

Scores of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms before and after EA add-on treatment in the D + EA group, and before and after 2 months in the D group.

	D + EA group			D group
	Before EA	After EA		Before 2 months	After 2 months
Motor symptoms
UPDRS III [points (mean ± SD)]	25.6 ± 2.8	20.6 ± 2.7	0.000	23.3 ± 13.0	22.5 ± 12.1	0.061^a
Subitems of UPDRS III
Tremor [points (mean ± SD)]	4.9 ± 4.4	3.4 ± 3.9	0.001	4.5 ± 3.1	4.3 ± 2.8	0.353^a
Rigidity [points (mean ± SD)]	4.6 ± 3.4	3.6 ± 3.2	0.004	4.2 ± 4.1	4.0 ± 3.9	0.070^a
Bradykinesia [points (mean ± SD)]	9.0 ± 6.3	7.4 ± 5.9	0.000	7.8 ± 5.3	7.4 ± 5.2	0.072^a
Gait and postural abnormality [points (mean ± SD)]	2.8 ± 1.3	2.7 ± 1.6	0.788^a	3.6 ± 2.5	3.4 ± 2.2	0.168^a
UPDRS III of different PD clinical phenotypes
Tremor type [points (mean ± SD)]	14.0 ± 6.5	10.0 ± 3.0	0.373^a	9.8 ± 6.8	9.7 ± 6.7	0.363^a
Rigidity-bradykinesia type [points (mean ± SD)]	17.8 ± 5.0	13.6 ± 3.9	0.027	21.8 ± 5.7	19.8 ± 2.2	0.391^a
Mixed type [points (mean ± SD)]	31.3 ± 3.1	25.8 ± 3.5	0.000	32.0 ± 10.6	30.5 ± 9.8	0.062^a
UPDRS III scores of different PD severity
Mild degree [points (mean ± SD)]	20.2 ± 2.6	14.7 ± 2.0	0.000	16.6 ± 9.1	15.8 ± 8.3	0.056^a
Moderate degree [points (mean ± SD)]	33.5 ± 3.9	29.1 ± 4.1	0.055^a	33.4 ± 11.5	31.1 ± 10.1	0.090^a
H-Y Stage (stage, mean ± SD)	2.0 ± 0.7	1.9 ± 0.7	0.096^a	2.1 ± 0.8	2.0 ± 0.8	1.000^a
Nonmotor symptoms
PSQI [points, median (quartile)]	21.0 (18.0~25.3)	20.0 (18.0~22.0)	0.018	16.5 (13.8~23.0)	16.5 (13.3~22.0)	0.850^b
HAMD [points, median (quartile)]	12.0 (7.0~19.0)	12.0 (7.0~18.0)	0.034	7.5 (5.0~17.8)	7.5 (5.0~14.5)	0.870^b
HAMA [points, median (quartile)]	13.5 (10.0~16.0)	12.5 (7.3~14.0)	0.235^b	9.0 (6.3~14.0)	8.5 (6.0~13.8)	0.694^b
MMSE [points, median (quartile)]	29.0 (28.0~30.0)	29.0 (28.0~30.0)	0.063^b	28.0 (25.0~29.0)	28.0 (25.0~29.0)	0.893^b
MoCA [points, median (quartile)]	25.0 (22.0~28.0)	25.0 (22.0~28.0)	0.083^b	23.5 (17.3~27.0)	23.5 (17.3~27.0)	0.876^b

Values are means ± standard for the Paired -test.
^bValues are median (lower quartile, upper quartile) for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
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