[Retracted] Allium cepa L. and Quercetin Inhibit RANKL/Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Downregulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Table 1
AcE and Qt affect cytokine production during osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity. The supernatant was collected and IL-1α, IL-6, TNF, IL-3, and IL-4 levels were measured during osteoclastogenesis (24 hours, 3 days, and 5 days) and osteoclast activity (24 hours).
Cytokine (pg/mL)
Control
Test compounds
AcE
Qt
Cell
Ctrl
[100 µg/mL]
[500 µg/mL]
[1000 µg/mL]
[1,25 µM]
[2,5 µM]
[5 µM]
Osteoclastogenesis
Time, 24 hours
IL-1α
31.77
40.22
39.54
36.02
36.70
33.76
34.21
32.85
IL-6
68.77
90.01
84.88
84.42
82.40
81.93
87.37
84.88
TNF
230
299
228
242
281
247
264
264
IL-3
64.88
59.93
59.73
58.72
62.86
58.01
57.71
58.11
IL-4
66.84
58.69
60.32
60.48
60.65
59.34
57.55
62.44
Time, 3 days
IL-1α
21.77
39.54#
39.31
37.38
36.93
37.95
41.01
41.92
IL-6
43.35
72.29###
69.49
66.93
61.22
62.22
69.71
71.59
TNF
70
174###
153
145
167
161
159
172
IL-3
51.24
43.23
40.43
47.30
53.53
52.35
50.73
50.33
IL-4
58.20
52.66
54.13
52.99
54.62
60.97
58.86
59.34
Time, 5 days
IL-1α
168
221###
156
97
110
200
144
135
IL-6
66.09
98.42###
80.08
81.32
82.25
78.06
78.37
79.30
TNF
34.76
76.10###
75
70.01
64.40
64.55
65.80
63.62
IL-3
50.13
42.65##
40.43
44.27
51.14
30.7
40.73
49.22
IL-4
62.24
50.38#
51
54.54
61.87
50.87
54.66
49.65
Osteoclast activity
Time, 24 hours
IL-1α
88.53
126.8#
82.27
75.46
69.51
129.3
109.7
81.72
IL-6
29.74
70.07#
50.61
56.67
25.08
60.75
55.85
31.14
TNF
67.36
131.9#
99.33
94.89
99.33
95.75
92.16
105.1
The following denotes statistical significance: , , and when compared with cell group and , , and when compared with Ctrl group, verified by ANOVA-Tukey test. Results were expressed in mean ± SD of three independent experiments.
