Tai Chi Chuan for the Primary Prevention of Stroke in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: A Systematic Review

Table 7

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID].

Study	Reason for exclusion
Bi and Chen, 2005^[1]	No outcomes of interest
Chang et al., 2013^[2]	Frequency of intervention is less than 3 times a week
Channer et al., 1996^[3]	No data for extraction
Chang et al., 2013^[4]	No data for extraction
Fu and Guo, 2013^[5]	No data for extraction
Rosado-Perez et al., 2012^[6]	No data for extraction
Lam et al., 2008^[7]	Frequency of intervention is less than 3 times a week
Motivala et al., 2006^[8]	Not parallel control design
Nguyen and Kruse, 2010^[9]	Frequency of intervention is less than 3 times a week
Thomas et al., 2005^[10]	No data for extraction
Thornton and Tang, 2004^[11]	No data for extraction
Wang, 2010^[12]	No data for extraction
Wang et al., 2004^[13]	Not parallel control design
Wolf et al., 2003^[14]	Not parallel control design
Wolf et al., 2006^[15]	Frequency of intervention is less than 3 times a week
Zhang and Tan, 2006^[16]	No data for extraction

References to studies excluded from this review:
^[1]Y. Bi and W. H. Chen, “The effects of Tai Chi exercise on blood rheology in patients with hypertension,” Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 24, pp. 606–607, 2005.
^[2]R. Y. Chang, M. Koo, C. K. Chen, Y. C. Lu and Y. F. Lin, “Effects of habitual T’ai Chi exercise on adiponectin, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and atherosclerotic burden in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors,” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol. 19, pp. 697–703, 2013.
^[3]K. S. Channer, D. Barrow, R. Barrow, M. Osborne, and G. Ives, “Changes in haemodynamic parameters following Tai Chi Chuan and aerobic exercise in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction,” The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, vol. 72, pp. 349–351, 1996.
^[4]M.-Y. Chang, S.-C. J. Yeh, M.-C. Chu et al., “Associations between Tai Chi Chung Program, Anxiety, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors,” Am J Health Promot, vol. 28, pp. 16–22, 2013.
^[5]X. Fu and J. Guo, “The study of the influence of Tai Chi exercise on physical fitness and its composition of the middle-aged and eldly,” Journal of Gansu Normal Colleges, vol. 14, pp. 73–76, 2009.
^[6]J. Rosado-Perez, E. Santiago-Osorio, R. Ortiz et al., “Tai Chi diminishes oxidative stress in Mexican older adults,” Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, vol. 16, pp. 642–646, 2012.
^[7]P. Lam, S. M. Dennis, T. H. Diamond et al., “Improving glycemic and BP control in type 2 diabetes: The effectiveness of Tai Chi,” Australian Family Physician, vol. 37, pp. 884–887, 2008.
^[8]S. J. Motivala, J. Sollers, J. Thayer et al., “Tai Chi Chih acutely decreases sympathetic nervous system activity in older adults,” Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol. 61, pp. 1177–1180, 2006.
^[9]M. H. Nguyen and R. Kruse, “The effects of Tai Chi training on physical fitness, perceived health, and blood pressure in elderly Vietnamese,” Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 2012, pp. 7–16, 2012.
^[10]G. N. Thomas, W. L. Hong Athena, B. Tomlinson et al., “Effects of Tai Chi and resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Chinese subjects: a 12-month longitudinal, randomized, controlled intervention study,” Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), vol. 63, pp. 663–669, 2005.
^[11]E. W. Thornton, K. S. Sykes, and W. K. Tang, “Health benefits of Tai Chi exercise: Improved balance and blood pressure in middle-aged women,” Health Promotion International, vol. 19, pp. 33–38, 2004.
^[12]G. J. Wang, “The effects of Tai Chi exercise on cardiopulmonary function in the elderly,” Chinese Journal of Gerontology, p. l2, 2010.
^[13]Y. G. Wang, G. F. Lv, and Y. B. Ren, “The effects of exercise therapy on type 2 diabetes in the middle-aged and elderly,” Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 23, pp. 679–681, 2004.
^[14]S. L. Wolf, X. Barnhart Huimnan, Kutner, G. Nancy et al., “Selected as the Best Paper in the 1990s: Reducing Frailty and Falls in Older Persons: An Investigation of Tai Chi and Computerized Balance Training,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 51, pp. 1794–1803, 2003.
^[15]S. L. Wolf, M. O’Grady, K. A. Easley et al., “The influence of intense Tai Chi training on physical performance and hemodynamic outcomes in transitionally frail, older adults,” Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol. 61, pp. 184–189, 2006.
^[16]T. M. Zhang and Y. M. Tan, “The effects of Tai Chi on fitness in middle-aged and elderly women comparing with the young,” Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 10, pp. 76–78, 2006.