The Effects of Tai Chi on Peripheral Somatosensation, Balance, and Fitness in Hispanic Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot and Feasibility Study
Table 5
Senior fitness test at baseline and after intervention for the individuals with diabetes compared to a referent population of older adults. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation.
Referent group
Diabetic group baseline
Diabetic group after intervention
Intervention group Cohen’s
Arm curls (repetitions)
Right arm
22.50 ± 4.57
21.75 ± 3.73
26.88 ± 4.39
1.659
Left arm
22.38 ± 4.50
22.0 ± 4.54
26.25 ± 4.43
1.223
Chair test (repetitions)
12.63 ± 2.92
11.75 ± 3.58
14.38 ± 4.81
0.796
Back scratch (cm)
Right side
−7.77 ± 16.75
−21.56 ± 14.21
−18.80 ± 12.87
0.243
Left side
−12.33 ± 9.58
−27.48 ± 15.87
−23.33 ± 14.31
0.354
Chair sit-and-reach (cm)
Right leg extended
1.74 ± 9.92
−6.23 ± 8.34
0.04 ± 5.28
1.187
Left leg extended
2.84 ± 11.27
−6.48 ± 7.98
−0.48 ± 5.00
1.233
8-foot up-and-go (s)
5.81 ± 0.81
7.78 ± 2.60
6.84 ± 2.22
0.520
6-minute walk test (m)
554.35 ± 93.21
412.77 ± 126.76
462.61 ± 123.32
0.497
Significant change between pre- and posttest for diabetic group (). Significant difference between referent group and diabetic group at baseline (). No significant differences remained at posttest.
