Effect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Salivary IgA, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Young Soccer Players

Table 3

Oxidative stress status of the soccer players at baseline and after 90 days of supplementation.

	Astaxanthin		Placebo		ANOVA
	Before supplementation	After supplementation	Before supplementation	After supplementation	T	S	T × S
TAS (mmolTrolox equiv./L)	0.551 ± 0.036	0.538 ± 0.029	0.532 ± 0.039	0.585 ± 0.031	ns	ns	ns
TOS (mmol/L)	15.4 ± 1.5	5.0 ± 0.5	16.8 ± 1.6	5.1 ± 0.5	<0.001	ns	ns
PAB (HK U)	479.1 ± 45.4	291.5 ± 33.3	338.9 ± 48.8	258.9 ± 35.8	<0.001	ns	<0.05

Values are expressed as mean ± SE. ANOVA: T-training, S-supplementation, and T × S-training and supplementation interaction effect.
The difference in relation to baseline was significant at ().