Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kenyan Leafy Green Vegetables, Wild Fruits, and Medicinal Plants with Potential Relevance for Kwashiorkor

Table 1

The species, consumption, antioxidant activity, and consensus values for the collected Kenyan plants.

Family name	Plant species^1	Local name^2	Type of plant	Consumption % during wet season^3	Total phenolics^4; Mg GAE/g ± SEM; ( = 9–15)	ORAC activity^5; M TE/g ± SEM; ( = 6–10)	Consensus value^6
Meliaceae	Azadirachta indica A. Juss.	Mairobaini	Medicinal^7		78 ± 1^E	1761 ± 243^CDEF	0.0946
Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex. Thell.	Muchicha	LGV	90%	39 ± 1^G	928 ± 43^EF
Brassicaceae	Brassica oleracea L.	Sukuma	LGV	42%	48 ± 2^FG	1184 ± 78^DEF
Cucurbitaceae	Cucurbita maxima Duchesne.	Matu ma malenge	LGV	65%	24 ± 1^H	447 ± 71^F	0.0170
Rosaceae	Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.	Ndunda	Wild fruit	19%	14 ± 2^HI	411 ± 15^F
Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica L.	Maembe	Medicinal		337 ± 3^A	5940 ± 632^A	0.0351
Lamiaceae	Ocimum americanum L.	Mutaa	Medicinal		136 ± 3^C	3190 ± 163^BC	0.1264
Lamiaceae	Ocimum gratissimum L.	Mukandu	Medicinal		86 ± 2^DE	1594 ± 168^CDEF	0.0591
Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava L.	Mavela	Medicinal		258 ± 1^B	3929 ± 411^B	0.0757
Solanaceae	Solanum scabrum Mill.	Kitulu	LGV	55%	92 ± 3^D	2675 ± 115^BCD
Fabaceae	Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.	Matu ma nthooko	LGV	73%	54 ± 3^F	1233 ± 116^DEF
Verbenaceae	Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr.	Muu	Wild fruit	24%	7 ± 1^I	179 ± 8^F
Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.	Mukenea	Medicinal		92 ± 2^D	2414 ± 117^CDE	0.1598

Species and author names from The Plant List database. ²Name of plants in Kikamba language. ³The percentage represents the average of the two wet seasons. A FFQ was used to obtain the dietary data. ⁴Values for total phenolics were calculated as milligrams gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram dry extract. ⁵Values for ORAC were calculated as M Trolox equivalents (TE) per microgram dry extract. ⁶Consensus values for medicinal plant use by the mothers. ⁷All medicinal plants were used, collected, and analyzed as leaves. Superscripts represent statistical differences between plant species at using an ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc analysis.