The Effects of Elk Velvet Antler Dietary Supplementation on Physical Growth and Bone Development in Growing Rats
Table 2
Geometric and densitometric femur bone measurements at different ages in male and female rats receiving either a control or elk velvet antler (EVA) supplemented diet.
Age
5 weeks
9 weeks
16 weeks
Group
Control
EVA
Control
EVA
Control
EVA
Male
Femur length (mm)
25.07 ± 0.33
26.07 ± 0.38
35.07 ± 0.38
35.5 ± 0.32
39.75 ± 0.37
40.14 ± 0.26
Femur metaphysis
tBMC (mg/mm)
6.80 ± 0.24
7.36 ± 0.40
19.22 ± 0.70
20.98 ± 1.04
28.06 ± 1.08
31.79 ± 0.28
tBMD (mg/cm3)
276.12 ± 8.24
277.25 ± 11.69
455.14 ± 7.29
489.21 ± 20.00
610.03 ± 16.55
610.10 ± 19.92
tCSA (mm2)
24.64 ± 0.65
26.49 ± 0.45
42.20 ± 1.20
42.90 ± 1.15
46.08 ± 1.63
52.44 ± 1.70
Femur diaphysis
cBMC (mg/mm)
2.27 ± 0.18
2.42 ± 0.20
7.70 ± 0.25
8.05 ± 0.26
11.98 ± 0.29
12.95 ± 0.20
cBMD (mg/cm3)
760.47 ± 16.05
781.44 ± 12.12
1080.17 ± 7.78
1086.70 ± 8.20
1219.41 ± 8.00
1222.97 ± 7.62
cCSA (mm2)
2.96 ± 0.19
3.08 ± 0.23
7.13 ± 0.22
7.41 ± 0.21
9.83 ± 0.26
10.59 ± 0.18
Bone ash (% of DM)
59.51 ± 0.71
59.86 ± 0.90
64.91 ± 0.53
65.80 ± 0.51
68.45 ± 0.53
67.68 ± 0.48
Female
Femur length (mm)
24.50 ± 0.22
25.00 ± 0.00
32.25 ± 0.40
32.75 ± 0.15
35.00 ± 0.42
35.92 ± 0.44
Femur metaphysis
tBMC (mg/mm)
6.21 ± 0.48
7.99 ± 0.35
18.25 ± 0.54
19.75 ± 0.26
25.07 ± 0.47
25.81 ± 1.06
tBMD (mg/cm3)
273.24 ± 10.12
304.29 ± 7.14
519.58 ± 4.93
557.60 ± 6.71
670.74 ± 9.65
709.10 ± 10.20
tCSA (mm2)
22.55 ± 1.03
25.54 ± 0.58
35.15 ± 1.14
35.45 ± 0.55
37.41 ± 0.70
36.33 ± 1.09
Femur diaphysis
cBMC (mg/mm)
2.18 ± 0.07
2.71 ± 0.07
6.29 ± 0.22
6.52 ± 0.11
8.51 ± 0.17
8.88 ± 0.35
cBMD (mg/cm3)
775.31 ± 18.28
832.04 ± 9.20
1089.20 ± 11.14
1084.11 ± 8.90
1214.47 ± 6.82
1220.32 ± 12.75
cCSA (mm2)
2.82 ± 0.08
3.26 ± 0.07
5.78 ± 0.22
6.01 ± 0.10
7.00 ± 0.11
7.26 ± 0.23
Bone ash (% of DM)
59.63 ± 1.40
63.42 ± 0.89
66.66 ± 0.48
66.94 ± 0.19
67.64 ± 0.58
69.43 ± 0.07
Data are presented as mean ± SEM (/group/age). Asterisks indicate significant differences as compared to age-matched controls (; ; ). tBMC, total bone mineral content; tBMD, total bone mineral density; tCSA, total cross-sectional area; cBMC, cortical bone mineral content; cBMD, cortical bone mineral density; cCSA, cortical cross-sectional area; DM, dry matter.
