| Author (year) country |
Sample size (analyzed) | Intervention group | Control group | Main outcomes (regions evaluated for MAS) | (analyzed) | Duration after stroke | Treatment | Regimen | (analyzed) | Duration after stroke (mo/d) | Regimen |
| Moon et al. (2003) [19] Korea | 35 (35) | 15 (15) | 3.7 ± 3.7 mo | EA | 8 sessions (EA, plus ST) | (A) 10 (10) (B) 10 (10) | (A) 2.7 ± 1.4 (B) 2.5 ± 1.8 mo | (A) ST (routine AT, exercises) (B) moxibustion, plus standard therapy | MAS (elbow) |
| Fink et al. (2004) [22] Germany | 25 (25) | 13 (13) | 66.5 ± 50.2 mo | AT | 8 sessions (AT) | 12 (12) | 64.2 ± 48.3 mo | Placebo AT | MAS (ankle) VAS, CGI, 2MWT, RMA, RMI, step length, cadence, mode of initial foot contact, goniometry, QOL measures |
| Lee et al. (2007) [23] Korea | 20 (18) | 10 (10) | NR | EA | 10 sessions (EA, plus ST) | 10 (8) | NR | ST (oral medication) | MAS (wrist) H/M ratio, FMA |
| Zhao et al. (2009) [20] China | 131 (120) | 67 (60) | 16.34 ± 6.09 mo | AT | 30 sessions (AT: surface projection zone of decussation of pyramid, standard therapy) | 64 (60) | 16.76 ± 6.89 mo | ST (oral medication, routine AT) | MAS (wrist, elbow, knee, ankle) FMA, BI, EMG |
| Zong (2012) [21] China | 80 (80) | 40 (40) | 24.5 ± 5.88 days | EA | 30 sessions (EA, plus ST) | 40 (40) | 23.6 ± 7.08 days | ST (oral medication, rehabilitation) | MAS (NR) FMA, MBI |
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EA: electroacupuncture, ST: standard therapy, MAS: Modified Ashworth Scale, AT: acupuncture therapy, VAS: visual analog scale, CGI: clinical global impressions, 2MWT: 2-minute walk test, RMA: Rivermead motor assessment, RMI: Rivermead mobility index, QOL: quality of life, NR: not reported, FMA: Fugi-Meyer motor function, BI: Barthel index, EMG: electromyography, and MBI: modified Barthel index.
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