Apple Peel Supplemented Diet Reduces Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome and Atherogenic Progression in ApoE−/− Mice
Table 1
Nutritional report in percentage of lipid composition, total phenols, antioxidant content, and quercetin content of the different diets employed.
Component
ND
FD
FD + HAP
FD + SDAP
FD + DAP
Carbohydrates (%)
69.4
57.0
59.8
57.6
56.2
Proteins (%)
21.0
17.6
12.5
18.2
17.3
Lipids (%)
1.8
16.8
20.2
16.4
17.5
Water (%)
6.0
15.3
19.4
18.3
12.2
Ash (%)
6.0
5.1
4.8
4.8
5.1
Fiber (%)
2.8
3.5
2.8
3.0
3.9
Myristic acid (14:0)
1.6
0.1
1.1
0.0
0.1
Palmitoleic acid (16:1)
0.0
0.0
1.5
4.6
1.4
Palmitic acid (16:0)
40.0
14.0
14.1
38.9
29.7
Linoleic acid (18:2)
11.6
34.0
31.5
15.5
28.2
Oleic acid (18:1)
29.8
44.4
39.4
32.0
19.0
Stearic acid (18:0)
9.7
7.5
6.5
9.0
7.3
Total phenols
0.0
0.0
1.6 ± 0.5
2.0 ± 0.1
1.8 ± 0.1
Antioxidant activity
0.0
0.0
0.2 ± 0.02
0.3 ± 0.1
0.2 ± 0.02
Q. rutinoside
0.0
0.0
16.4 ± 7.2
19.2 ± 4.3
29.0 ± 1.4
Q. galactoside
0.0
0.0
55.9 ± 9.1
93.8 ± 16.8
46.0 ± 4.5
Q. glucoside
0.0
0.0
10.6 ± 5.8
29.9 ± 5.0
10.2 ± 0.4
Q. xyloside
0.0
0.0
7.9 ± 4.4
16.3 ± 2.8
8.9 ± 0.2
Q. arabinoside
0.0
0.0
15.6 ± 4.6
29.7 ± 5.7
20.9 ± 1.1
Q. rhamnoside
0.0
0.0
10.2 ± 3.4
14.5 ± 3.3
14.1 ± 0.9
ND, normal diet; FD, fat diet; HAP, healthy apple peel; SDAP, sun damaged apple peel; DAP, dehydrated apple peel. All lipid components have a methyl ester conjugation. Total phenols and antioxidant capacity expressed with mg eq. chlorogenic acid/sample g. The quercetin glycoside expressed with µg/sample g.
