Xanthohumol Induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Ca Ski Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Figure 3

(a) Decreased number of cells, changes in cell shape, and vacuolation were observed in cells treated with xanthohumol (at 10x and 40x magnification). (b) After staining with Hoechst and PI, cells treated with xanthohumol showed an increase in the number of brightly stained nuclei and nuclear membrane permeability (40x magnification). In untreated cells, a greater number of nuclei were observed. The nuclei stained red by PI indicated dead cells with permeabilized membrane. The treatment with 40 μM xanthohumol resulted in greatly reduced number of cells. (c) Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of Ca Ski cells. Xanthohumol treatment resulted in a shift in mitochondrial membrane potential from higher to lower FL2-A signals, where JC-1 remained as monomers and emitted intense green fluorescence.

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