Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxicity Experimental Model: Protective Merits of Natural Products and Plant Extracts

Table 1

Proposed mechanisms of preventive and therapeutic treatment approaches in neurodegeneration.

Proposed mechanisms	Reference(s)
Anti-inflammation	[87–95]
Antioxidant activity	[25, 96–102]
Anticonvulsion and antiepileptic	[14, 15, 42, 64, 70, 72, 103, 104]
Modulation of apoptosis-related genes/proteins and signaling pathways	[74, 75, 84, 104–111]
Cognitive enhancer	[17–20, 22]
Manipulation of glial activation and inflammatory cytokines	[29, 72, 112–115]
Combating excitotoxicity	[116]
Enhancing mitochondrial functions	[36, 111]
Inhibition of ER stress by small molecular compounds	[34–37]
Inhibition of Phospholipase A by Phospholipase A inhibitors	[117]
Inhibition of NO by NOS inhibitors	[118]