Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Activities against Pancreatic Lipase: A Review

Table 1

Summary of medicinal plants that showed inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase.

Plant’s name	Family	Plant part	Types of extract	Inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase	Reference(s)
Acer ginnala	Aceraceae	Fruit	Ethanol extract	IC50 between 30 and 50 mg/mL	Lee et al. [61]
Acer mono	Aceraceae	Branches and leaves	Ethanol extract	IC50 less than 10 μg/mL	Kim et al. [48]
Adonis palaestina Boiss.	Ranunculaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (937.5 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Aframomum melegueta	Zingiberaceae	Seeds	Ethanol extract	90% inhibition	Ekanem et al. [55]
Aleurites moluccana (L.)	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	Methanol extract	100% inhibition	Ado et al. [46]
Alhagi camelorum	Fabaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Alpinia zerumbet	Zingiberaceae	Seeds	Acetone extract	IC50 (5 μg/mL)	Chompoo et al. [59]
Anchusa azurea	Boraginaceae	Flowers	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Anthemis palestina Reut. ex Boiss.	Asteraceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (107.7 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Arachis hypogaea L.	Fabaceae	Shells (hulls, seed coats)	Ethanol extract	42% inhibition	Moreno et al. [67]
Archidendron jiringa (Jack); I. C. Nielsen	Fabaceae	Fruits	Methanol extract	100% inhibition	Ado et al. [46]
Arctium lappa	Asteraceae	Roots	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.	Moraceae	Fruit	Methanol extract	82.49% inhibition	Raghavendra et al. [62]
Asparagus acutifolius L.	Asparagaceae	Stems	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Averrhoa carambola L.	Oxalidaceae	Ripe fruit	Methanol extract	100% inhibition	Ado et al. [46]
Baccharis trimera Less.	Asteraceae	Leaves	Methanol and ethanol extracts	Methanol and ethanol extracts, respectively, showed 78% and 16% inhibition	de Souza et al. [63]
Bergenia crassifolia	Saxifragaceae	Rhizomes	Aqueous ethanol extracts	IC50 (3.4 μg/mL)	Ivanov et al. [64]
Bunium persicum	Apiaceae	Seeds	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Camellia japonica subsp. rusticana	Theaceae	Stem and leaves	Ethanol extract	IC50 between 30 and 50 mg/mL	Lee et al. [61]
Carthamus oxyacantha	Asteraceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Cassia angustifolia L.	Fabaceae	Leaves	Aqueous extract	IC50 (0.81 ± 0.03 mg/mL)	Adisakwattana et al. [47]
Cassia auriculata Linn.	Caesalpiniaceae	Aerial parts	Ethanol extract	IC50 (6.0 ± 1.0 mg/mL)	Habtemariam [69]
Cassia siamea	Caesalpiniaceae	Roots	Ethanol extract	74.3% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Castanea crenata	Fagaceae	Staminate flower	Ethanol extract	IC50 between 30 and 50 mg/mL	Lee et al. [61]
Centella asiatica	Apiaceae	Fruits	Ethanol extract	25.3% inhibition	Sahib et al. [44]
Chrysanthemum coronarium L.	Asteraceae	Leaves and flowers	Methanol extract	IC50 (286.1 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.	Meliaceae	Leaves and bark	Ethyl acetate extract	Leaves and bark, respectively, showed 67.6%  and 63.7% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Cichorium intybus L.	Asteraceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Lauraceae	Derms	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Clematis vitalba L.	Ranunculaceae	—	Hydroalcoholic extract	IC50 (0.99 μg/mL)	Marrelli et al. [54]
Convolvulus althaeoides   L.	Convolvulaceae	—	Methanol extract	IC50 (664.5 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Cornus officinalis	Cornaceae	Fruits	Ethanol extract	31.4% inhibition	Roh and Jung [57]
Coscinium fenestratum	Menispermaceae	Stems	Ethanol extract	IC50 (160 μg/mL)	Kaewpiboon et al. [58]
Cudrania tricuspidata	Moraceae	Leaves	Ethanol extract	IC50 (9.91 μg/mL); In vivo: 50 mg/kg decreased plasma triacylglycerol levels and at 250 mg/kg delayed lipid absorption	Kim et al. [48]
Cyclocarya paliurus	Juglandaceae	Leaves	Aqueous extract	IC50 9.1 mg/mL; In vivo: 250 mg/kg reduced plasma triacylglycerol levels in mice	Kurihara et al. [73]
Cynometra cauliflora L.	Fabaceae	Leaves	Methanol extract	100% inhibition	Ado et al. [46]
Dicranopteris linearis	Gleicheniaceae	Aerial part	Methanol extract	14% inhibition	Lai et al. [49]
Dioscorea nipponica	Dioscoreaceae	Roots	Methanol extract	50% inhibition	Kwon et al. [77]
Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.	Brassicaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 (7.76 mg/mL)	Conforti et al. [50]
Eleusine indica	Poaceae	Aerial part	Methanol extract	31.36% inhibition	Lai et al. [49]
Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth.	Poaceae	Whole plants	Methanol extract	Moe than 80% inhibition	Sharma et al. [75]
Eucalyptus galbie	Myrtaceae	Leaves	Methanol extract	More than 50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Euonymus alatus	Celastraceae	Roots	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	IC50 between 40 and 50 μg/mL	Kim and Kang [74]
Fagonia arabica L.	Zygophyllaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (204.1 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Ferula asafoetida	Apiaceae	Resin	Ethanol extract	72.5% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Ficus carica	Moraceae	Leaves	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Foeniculum vulgare Miller subsp.	Apiaceae	Leaves and seeds	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Geranium nepalense	Geraniaceae	Whole grass	Ethanol extract	38% inhibition	Roh and Jung [57]
Ginkgo biloba L.	Ginkgoaceae	Leaves	Aqueous extract	IC50 (0.05 ± 0.01 μg/mL)	Adisakwattana et al. [47]
Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.	Clusiaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (236.2 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Illicium religiosum Sieb. et Zucc.	Schisandraceae	Woods	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	IC50 (21.9 μg/mL)	Kim and Kang [74]
Ixora chinensis Lam.	Rubiaceae	Flowers	Methanol extract	66.0% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Juglans mandshurica Maxim.	Juglandaceae	Fruits	Water extract	IC50 (2.3 mg/mL)	Han et al. [70]
Juniperus communis	Cupressaceae	Barks	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	IC50 (20.4 μg/mL)	Kim and Kang [74]
Justicia gendarussa Burm. F.	Acanthaceae	Whole plant	Ethanol extract	61.1% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Lagerstroemia indica (L.) Pers.	Lythraceae	Fruits	Dichloromethane extract	61.2% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Lepidium sativum L.	Brassicaceae	—	Hydroalcoholic extracts	IC50 (1.28 μg/mL)	Marrelli et al. [54]
Levisticum officinale	Apiaceae	Roots	Methanol extract	More than 50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Malva nicaeensis All.	Malvaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (260.7 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Mangifera indica L.	Anacardiaceae	Leaves and stem bark	Ethanol extract	75% inhibition	Moreno et al. [71]
Melastoma candidum	Melastomataceae	Aerial part	Methanol extract	20% inhibition	Lai et al. [49]
Mentha spicata L.	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 (7.85 mg/mL)	Conforti et al. [50]
Millettia reticulata Benth.	Leguminosae	Rattan cane	Methanol extract	30–40% inhibition	Zheng et al. [51]
Momordica charantia L.	Cucurbitaceae	Fruits	Ethanol extract	25.8% inhibition	Sahib et al. [44]
Morinda citrifolia L.	Rubiaceae	Fruits	Ethanol extract	21% inhibition	Sahib et al. [44]
Moringa stenopetala	Moringaceae	Leaves	Ethanol extract	IC50 more than 5 mg/mL	Toma et al. [52]
Morus alba	Moraceae	Leaves	Aqueous extract	IC50 (0.01 ± 0.01 μg/mL)	Adisakwattana et al. [47]
Myristica fragrans	Myristicaceae	Mace	Methanol extract	18–20% inhibition	Lai et al. [49]
Myrtus communis	Myrtaceae	Leaves	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	Nymphaeaceae	Leaves	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	IC50 0.46 mg/mL; In vivo:  it reduced plasma triacylglycerol level in rats	Ono et al. [72]
Nigella sativa	Ranunculaceae	Seeds	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Ononis natrix L.	Fabaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (167 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Origanum syriaca L.	Lamiaceae	—	Methanol extract	IC50 (234 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Origanum vulgare L.	Lamiaceae	Stem and leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Orixa japonica Thunb.	Rutaceae	Whole plants	Methanol extract	More than 80% inhibition	Sharma et al. [75]
Rosmarinus officinalis L.	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 (7.00 mg/mL)	Conforti et al. [50]
Otostegia persica	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Papaver rhoeas L.	Papaveraceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Paronychia argentea Lam.	Illecebraceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (342.7 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Passiflora nitida Kunth.	Passifloraceae	Leaves	Hydroethanolic extract	IC50 (21.2 μg/mL)	Teixeira et al. [53]
Phyla nodiflora L.	Verbenaceae	Whole plant	Methanol extract	18% inhibition	Lai et al. [49]
Pistacia vera L.	Anacardiaceae	Fruits hall	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Pimpinella anisum	Apiaceae	Seeds	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.	Polygonaceae	Root and rhizome	Methanol extract	30–40% inhibition	Zheng et al. [51]
Portulaca oleracea L.	Portulacaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 (5.48 mg/mL)	Conforti et al. [50]
Prunella vulgaris L.	Labiatae	Ear	Methanol extract	74.7% inhibition	Zheng et al. [51]
Punica granatum L.	Lythraceae	Leaves	Ethanol extract	50% inhibition	Adnyana et al. [68]
Pyrus pyrifolia   (Burm.) Nak.	Rosaceae	Bark and leaf	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	IC50 between 40 and 50 μg/mL	Kim and Kang [74]
Quercus infectoria	Fagaceae	Galls	Methanol extract	More than 50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Raphanus raphanistrum L.	Brassicaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 mg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Reseda alba L.	Resedaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	IC50 (738 μg/mL)	Bustanji et al. [45]
Rheum palmatum L.	Polygonaceae	Root and rhizome	Methanol extract	53.8% inhibition	Zheng et al. [51]
Rheum ribes	Polygonaceae	Rhizomes	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Rosa damascena	Rosaceae	Flowers	Methanol extract	More than 50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Rubi Fructus	Rosaceae	Fruits	Ethanol extract	32.5% inhibition	Roh and Jung [57]
Salicis Radicis Cortex	Ulmaceae	Bark	Ethanol extract	34.8% inhibition	Roh and Jung [57]
Salacia reticulata	Celastraceae	Roots	Hot water-soluble extract	IC50 264 mg/mL	Yoshikawa et al. [65]
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.	Labiatae	Root and rhizome	Methanol extract	30–40% inhibition	Zheng et al. [51]
Salvia spinosa L.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Ethanol extract	IC50 156.2 μg/mL	Bustanji et al. [45]
Setaria italica (L.) Palib.	Poaceae	Whole plant	Methanol extract	More than 80% inhibition	Sharma et al. [75]
Shorea roxburghii	Dipterocarpaceae	Bark	Methanol extract	IC50 (31.6 μg/mL)	Morikawa et al. [60]
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke	Caryophyllaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 μg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Smyrnium olusatrum L.	Apiaceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 μg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Sonchus oleraceus L.	Asteraceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 (9.75 mg/mL)	Conforti et al. [50]
Solidago serotina	Compositae	Whole plant	Ethanol extract	IC50 less than 10 μg/mL	Kim et al. [48]
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	Asteraceae	Leaves	Aqueous ethanol	IC50 more than 10 μg/mL	Conforti et al. [50]
Sorbus commixta Hedl.	Rosaceae	Leaves and stem	Ethanol extract	IC50 (29.6 mg/mL)	Lee et al. [61]
Spilanthes acmella	Compositae	Flower buds	Ethanol extract	40% inhibition	Ekanem et al. [55]
Thuja orientalis	Cupressaceae	Leaves	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	IC50 between 40 and 50 μg/mL	Kim and Kang [74]
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Fabaceae	Seeds	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Uncaria macrophylla Wall.	Alismataceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	30–40% inhibition	Zheng et al. [51]
Urtica urens	Urticaceae	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	25–50% inhibition	Gholamhoseinian et al. [76]
Vigna radiata	Fabaceae	Roots	Ethanol extract	64.6% inhibition	Kumar et al. [56]
Viscum album L.	Loranthaceae	Whole plant	Ethanol extract	IC50 (33.3 mg/mL)	Lee et al. [61]
Vitis vinifera L.	Vitaceae	Seeds	Ethanol extract	30% inhibition	Moreno et al. [66]

IC₅₀: inhibition concentration 50.