Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Between-group differences of body weight, body mass, metabolic syndrome parameters, and bone mineral density after intervention.


Measure	Tai Chi versus control^a		Walking versus control^a		Tai Chi versus walking^a
Measure	Between-group difference (95% CI)	value	Between-group difference (95% CI)	value	Between-group difference (95% CI)	value

Weight (kg)	−0.60 (−0.94 to −0.25)	0.008	−0.85 (−1.20 to −0.50)	<0.001	0.26 (−0.09 to 0.60)	0.164
Total body fat mass (kg)	−0.56 (−0.96 to −0.17)	0.004	−0.68 (−1.08 to −0.28)	<0.001	0.12 (−0.28 to 0.51)	0.353
Total body lean mass (kg)	0.08 (−0.86 to 1.01)	0.926	−0.01 (−0.96 to 0.94)	0.858	0.08 (−0.85 to 1.02)	0.878
Waist circumference (cm)	−3.7 (−4.4 to −2.9)	<0.001	−4.1 (−5.0 to −3.2)	<0.001	0.5 (−0.6 to 1.5)	0.489
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	−1.2 (−3.6 to 1.1)	0.311	−1.1 (−3.5 to 1.3)	0.283	0.4 (−0.5 to 1.3)	0.824
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	1.2 (−0.9 to 3.2)	0.568	−0.3 (−2.4 to 1.8)	0.340	1.4 (−0.7 to 3.5)	0.201
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	−0.18 (−0.27 to −0.09)	<0.001	−0.22 (−0.31 to −0.13)	<0.001	0.04 (−0.05 to 0.13)	0.366
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.11 (−0.02 to 0.24)	0.095	0.05 (−0.09 to 0.18)	0.269	0.06 (−0.07 to 0.20)	0.453
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.07 (0.01 to 0.14)	0.330	0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08)	0.705	0.06 (−0.004 to 0.13)	0.060
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.02 (−0.11 to 0.15)	0.850	0.002 (−0.13 to 0.14)	0.882	0.02 (−0.11 to 0.15)	0.708
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.10 (−0.02 to 0.23)	0.085	0.05 (−0.17 to 0.08)	0.693	0.06 (−0.06 to 0.18)	0.265
Bone mineral density (mg/cm²)	−0.06 (−6.16 to 6.03)	0.477	1.33 (−7.52 to 4.86)	0.295	1.27 (−4.85 to 7.39)	0.573

HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
values were calculated for the time × group interaction effects from baseline to 3 months between groups by repeated ANCOVA; variables with significantly different between groups at baseline were adjusted as covariates.