Investigation of Calcium Channel Blockers as Antiprotozoal Agents and Their Interference in the Metabolism of Leishmania (L.) infantum

Table 1

Effect of CCBs and standard drugs on parasites and mammalian cells.

Drug	IC50 (μM) ± SD
	L. (L.) infantum; promastigotes	L. (L.) infantum; amastigotes	L. (L.) amazonensis; promastigotes	L. (V.) braziliensis; promastigotes	T. cruzi; trypomastigotes	LLC-MK2; cytotoxicity
Amrinone	ne	ne	ne	ne	ne	>500
Fendiline	16.15 ± 4.20	12.20 ± 1.74	8.66 ± 1.27	9.15 ± 0.78	12.13 ± 2.97	49.85 ± 8.16
Lidoflazine	17.67 ± 0.93	16.29 ± 4.45	11.54 ± 1.49	14.48 ± 1.08	10.39 ± 1.87	106.54 ± 57.99
Mibefradil	3.60 ± 0.11	ne	2.23 ± 0.42	2.75 ± 0.39	2.99 ± 0.43	11.96 ± 1.03
Pentamidine	1.06 ± 0.12	nd	1.14 ± 0.15	0.69 ± 0.04	nd	23.48 ± 3.53
Glucantime	nd	30.15 ± 1.18	nd	nd	nd	>500
Benznidazole	nd	nd	nd	nd	440.18 ± 39.14	>500

IC50: 50% inhibitory concentration ± standard deviation (SD).
ne: not effective.
nd: not determined.
Concentrations for Glucantime are expressed as µg/mL, as the molecular weight is unknown.