Protective Effect of Mangifera indica Linn., Cocos nucifera Linn., and Averrhoa carambola Linn. Extracts against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in Human Keratinocytes

Figure 5

CPD expression in cells treated with UVB 200 mJ/cm²; both extracts of A. carambola and 100 µM of vitamin C. The level of CPD expression was low in untreated group. UVB could induce DNA damage causing CPD expression to increase. After extract treatment for 24 h, CPD expression was significantly decreased. Values of CPD expression were shown as mean ± SD derived from 3 independent experiments. The ethanol (100 and 250 µg/mL) and aqueous (50, 100, and 250 µg/mL) fractions of A. carambola could significantly decrease the percentage of CPD in comparison with the percentage of CPD in the UVB-treated group.