GC-MS Analysis: In Vivo Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. Growing in Saudi Arabia

Table 1

Chemical composition of the essential oil of A. biebersteinii.

Number	Compounds	RI	%	Identification
1	α-Pinene	1032	1.4	1,2,3
2	α-Thujene	1035	0.1	1,2
3	Camphene	1076	0.1	1,2,3
4	β-Pinene	1118	0.2	1,2
5	Sabinene	1132	0.2	1,2
6	α-Phellandrene	1176	0.5	1,2
7	α-Terpinene	1188	29.2	1,2
8	Dehydro-1,8-cineole	1195	0.1	1,2,3
9	Limonene	1203	0.1	1,2
10	1,8-Cineole	1213	4.3	1,2,3
11	γ-Terpinene	1255	0.9	1,2,3
12	p-Cymene	1280	22.9	1,2,3
13	Terpinolene	1290	0.1	1,2,3
14	1,3,8-p-Menthatriene	1408	0.1	1,2
15	(E)-2-Hexenol	1412	0.1	1,2,3
16	p-Cymenene	1452	0.5	1,2,3
17	Camphor	1532	0.9	1,2,3
18	Linalool	1553	0.5	1,2,3
19	trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	1571	3.9	1,2,3
20	Terpinen-4-ol	1611	4.7	1,2,3
21	cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	1638	2.9	1,2
22	trans-Pinocarveol	1664	0.8	1,2
23	trans-Piperitol	1689	1.1	1,2
24	α-Terpineol	1706	1.1	1,2,3
25	Borneol	1719	tr	1,2,3
26	Germacrene D	1726	0.3	1,2,3
27	trans-Piperitone oxide	1755	2.5	1,2
28	cis-Piperitol	1758	1.7	1,2
29	Cuminaldehyde	1802	0.4	1,2
30	p-Mentha-1,3-dien-7-al	1811	0.3	1,2
31	p-Cymen-8-ol	1864	1.0	1,2
32	Ascaridole	1889	3.1	1,2
33	Eugenol	2185	0.3	1,2,3
34	γ-Eudesmol	2186	1.1	1,2
35	Thymol	2198	0.9	1,2,3
36	Eromoligenol	2205	tr	1,2
37	Isocarvacrol	2221	0.3	1,2
38	Carvacrol	2239	2.1	1,2,3
39	β-Eudesmol	2257	0.9	1,2,3
40	15-Hexadecanolide	2260	0.4	1,2
41	1,4-Dimethyl azulene	2291	tr	1,2
42	(Z)-methyl jasmonate	2365	tr	1,2
43	Chamazulene	2430	tr	1,2
44	-Costol	2533	tr	1,2
	Monoterpene hydrocarbons		56.3
	Oxygenated monoterpenes		31.9
	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons		0.3
	Oxygenated sesquiterpenes		2.0
	Other compounds		1.8
	Total		92.0

RI: retention indices relative to C8–C30 n-alkanes on the Innowax FSC column; 1: retention index; 2: mass spectrum; 3: spiking with authentic compound.