Modes of Antiviral Action of Chemical Portions and Constituents from Woad Root Extract against Influenza Virus A FM1

Figure 4

Differences on the major modes of antiviral action in the pure compounds and chemical portions from woad root extract. A1: therapeutic action; A2: prophylaxis; A3: inhibition of virus attachment. CB: clemastanin B; PEP + ALK + OA: the mixtures of phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and organic acid portions. The concentration for CB: A1 (1 : 4 dilution), A2 (1 : 8 dilution), and A3 (1 : 2 dilution); epigoitrin concentration: A1 (1 : 4), A2 (1 : 16), and A3 (1 : 2); PEP + ALK + OA concentration: A1 (1 : 4), A2 (1 : 2), and A3 (1 : 4); PEP concentration: A1 (1 : 8), A2 (1 : 2), and A3 (1 : 2).