Relationship of the Cold-Heat Sensation of the Limbs and Abdomen with Physiological Biomarkers
Table 4
Differences in biomarkers across Cold-Heat sensation score groups.
ANOVA analysis
ANCOVA analysis
Cold
Medium
Warm
Medium versus Cold
Warm versus Cold
Warm versus Medium
Hand score
253
210
271
AST (U/L)
17.4 (5.8)
19.1 (6.2)
21.1 (17.3)
0.001
0.31
1.52
1.22
ALT (U/L)
12.5 (7.1)
15.5 (10.1)
19.6 (20.8)
<0.001
−0.18
1.35
1.53
Epinephrine (pg/mL)
50.7 (69.5)
52.1 (54.6)
55.9 (94.2)
0.73
−2.72
7.48
10.2
Norepinephrine (pg/mL)
295.1 (279.3)
258.2 (186.8)
242.1 (188.0)
0.02
−57.6
−58.3
−0.68
Free T3 (ng/mL)
1.3 (0.2)
1.3 (0.3)
1.4 (0.2)
0.001
−0.03
−0.01
0.02
Free T4 (g/mL)
8.1 (1.9)
8.2 (2.2)
8.4 (2.1)
0.25
0.13
0.11
−0.02
TSH (IU/mL)
2.3 (1.5)
2.3 (1.4)
2.3 (1.5)
0.83
−0.04
0.05
0.09
Cortisol (g/dL)
11.4 (4.9)
11.7 (5.1)
11.7 (4.8)
0.78
0.26
0.27
0.01
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
179.6 (28.8)
182.6 (31.7)
183.7 (31.4)
0.28
−2.55
−3.12
−0.57
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
84.7 (43.9)
100.6 (87.5)
114.2 (82.8)
<0.001
0.71
3.07
2.36
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
59.5 (17.4)
55.9 (15.8)
53.3 (18.0)
<0.001
−0.81
0.27
1.07
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
100.3 (31.7)
104.1 (32.9)
106.7 (34.5)
0.08
−2.12
0.79
2.92
Leg score
302
267
165
AST (U/L)
17.6 (6.1)
20.5 (15.9)
20.3 (10.7)
0.007
0.97
0.23
−0.74
ALT (U/L)
13.0 (8.2)
16.6 (11.6)
20.3 (24.1)
<0.001
−0.49
1.77
2.26
Epinephrine (pg/mL)
51.8 (68.7)
52.4 (82.3)
56.2 (78.7)
0.83
−3.04
5.92
8.97
Norepinephrine (pg/mL)
282.3 (256.1)
267.1 (213.6)
230.0 (169.1)
0.05
−30.0
−50.2
−20.2
Free T3 (ng/mL)
1.3 (0.2)
1.3 (0.3)
1.4 (0.2)
0.007
−0.03
−0.02
0.00
Free T4 (g/mL)
8.1 (2.1)
8.2 (2.0)
8.4 (2.1)
0.28
0.07
−0.01
−0.09
TSH (IU/mL)
2.3 (1.5)
2.2 (1.4)
2.4 (1.5)
0.66
−0.07
0.08
0.15
Cortisol (g/dL)
11.3 (5.0)
11.5 (5.0)
12.4 (4.8)
0.07
0.15
0.94
0.79
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
179.7 (28.7)
184.2 (31.8)
182.6 (32.1)
0.21
−0.83
−1.80
−0.98
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
87.5 (46.7)
104.6 (72.6)
116.1 (107.5)
<0.001
−1.74
4.23
5.96
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
59.0 (17.5)
54.7 (16.3)
53.3 (18.1)
0.001
0.02
1.17
1.15
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
100.1 (31.3)
107.4 (34.3)
104.4 (34.3)
0.03
2.04
1.17
−0.88
Abdomen score
204
404
126
AST (U/L)
17.7 (5.6)
19.7 (13.8)
20.4 (11.0)
0.07
1.13
0.98
−0.15
ALT (U/L)
13.9 (9.0)
15.8 (12.0)
20.0 (25.3)
0.001
0.47
2.68
2.22
Epinephrine (pg/mL)
45.2 (52.5)
59.1 (92.4)
46.1 (40.6)
0.05
13.6
1.58
−11.9
Norepinephrine (pg/mL)
276.4 (279.5)
268.6 (212.6)
235.1 (145.7)
0.23
−2.29
−31.03
−28.74
Free T3 (ng/mL)
1.3 (0.2)
1.3 (0.2)
1.4 (0.2)
0.05
−0.02
−0.03
−0.02
Free T4 (g/mL)
8.0 (2.0)
8.4 (2.1)
8.1 (2.0)
0.05
0.12
−0.30
−0.42
TSH (IU/mL)
2.5 (1.7)
2.2 (1.3)
2.3 (1.5)
0.038
−0.30
−0.13
0.17
Cortisol (g/dL)
10.9 (5.1)
11.7 (4.7)
12.4 (5.2)
0.016
0.45
1.07
0.61
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
183.1 (30.8)
181.4 (30.9)
181.9 (29.8)
0.80
−0.09
−1.17
−1.08
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
100.6 (75.3)
99.0 (74.1)
103.0 (74.0)
0.86
−7.62
−12.93
−5.31
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
57.5 (18.0)
56.0 (16.6)
54.7 (18.7)
0.34
1.64
2.86
1.22
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
104.3 (30.5)
103.5 (33.4)
103.6 (36.8)
0.95
1.12
0.14
−0.98
For ANOVA analysis, data are presented as mean (SD). For ANCOVA, data are presented as mean difference. “Medium versus Cold” and “Warm vs Cold” and “Cold” responses were employed as the reference; “Warm versus Medium” and “Medium” responses were employed as the reference. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and BMI. Significant level: .
