Morphine Antidependence of Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz in Neurotransmission Processes In Vitro

Figure 6

The concentration of intracellular calcium ion for pre- and cotreatments of morphine. The bar chart shows the percentage of over control. The for morphine-treated cell was observed to be stimulated significantly as compared to control (). The increased level of of morphine was downregulated by the treatments of methadone and E. cuneatum. The treatments of methadone and E. cuneatum were demonstrated to downregulate the significantly increased level of induced by morphine. There were no significant differences between the control, methadone, and E. cuneatum. Three independent experiments were carried out and the data represent the mean percentage of over control ± SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out using Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. versus control. (EC: E. cuneatum; 0.1 = 0.1 μg/mL; 0.5 = 0.5 μg/mL; 1.0 = 1.0 μg/mL.)