Research Article

Effects of Ving Tsun Chinese Martial Art Training on Upper Extremity Muscle Strength and Eye-Hand Coordination in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Table 3

Outcome measurements.

Ving Tsun group ()Control group ()Time effectGroup effect⁢Time × group ⁢effect
PretestPosttestPretestPosttest

Eye-hand coordination
 Reaction time, ms341.46 ± 65.25351.36 ± 67.87399.34 ± 95.78378.11 ± 70.4911.4890.0020.0060.9410.0060.941
 Movement time, ms439.61 ± 109.43458.71 ± 93.48532.45 ± 222.43532.93 ± 226.152.5020.1220.2400.6270.0030.957
 Accuracy, mm5.19 ± 5.883.77 ± 1.184.55 ± 2.124.55 ± 2.130.4210.5200.0010.9781.1480.291
Shoulder flexor muscle strength
 Peak force, kg6.97 ± 2.585.82 ± 1.715.64 ± 1.794.57 ± 1.631.3050.2602.4710.1240.8320.367
 Time to peak force, s2.60 ± 0.512.39 ± 0.652.25 ± 0.682.26 ± 0.740.0040.9512.2290.1440.4410.511
Elbow extensor muscle strength
 Peak force, kg4.81 ± 2.125.48 ± 1.994.44 ± 1.374.06 ± 1.738.0960.0071.2230.2763.2260.080
 Time to peak force, s2.52 ± 0.522.27 ± 0.692.46 ± 0.612.59 ± 0.561.6310.2090.3780.5434.9080.033

Mean ± standard deviation presented unless indicated otherwise.
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