Effect of Loquat Leaf Extract on Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Function in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Trial
Table 3
Comparison of the muscle mass and muscle function between the two groups.
Variables
Group
Week 0
Week 4
Δ4-0 weeks
P
Week 12
Δ12-0 weeks
P
ASM/height2, kg/m2
LLE ()
5.4 0.7
5.6 0.7
0.12 0.21
0.007
5.5 0.7
0.02 0.21
0.662
Placebo ()
5.9 1.1
6.0 1.2
0.13 0.33
0.047
5.9 1.1
0.02 0.21
0.567
P
0.841
P
0.924
ASM/weight × 100, %
LLE ()
24.7 3.0
25.1 2.9
0.42 0.91
0.025
24.8 3.1
0.06 0.92
0.723
Placebo ()
25.9 3.8
26.5 4.3
0.57 1.5
0.058
26.0 3.9
0.07 0.91
0.691
P
0.651
P
0.976
Trunk fat percent, %
LLE ()
32.5 5.9
31.1 5.1
−1.41 2.49
0.007
31.3 5.4
−1.24 1.62
<0.001
Placebo ()
30.7 5.4
29.7 6.0
−1.03 2.31
0.028
30.2 5.2
−0.54 1.7
0.112
P
0.561
P
0.125
Total fat percent, %
LLE ()
34.1 5.0
33.0 4.8
−1.03 1.69
0.004
33.2 4.8
−0.86 1.11
<0.001
Placebo ()
32.1 6.0
31.0 6.5
−1.09 1.78
0.004
31.3 5.9
−0.74 1.29
0.006
P
0.907
P
0.736
SPPB (balance), score
LLE ()
4.0 0.2
4.0 0
0.04 0.19
0.327
4.0 0
0.04 0.19
0.327
Placebo ()
4.0 0
4.0 0.2
−0.04 0.19
0.327
4.0 0
0 0
NA
P
0.163
P
0.322
SPPB (4 m gait speed), s
LLE ()
2.3 0.3
2.2 0.3
−0.07 0.29
0.197
2.1 0.3
−0.14 0.29
0.017
Placebo ()
2.2 0.3
2.2 0.3
−0.04 0.31
0.537
2.1 0.3
−0.11 0.27
0.033
P
0.651
P
0.699
SPPB (chair-rising time), s
LLE ()
10.4 2.6
8.6 1.9
−1.84 2.49
<0.001
7.9 1.7
−2.51 2.23
<0.001
Placebo ()
10.5 3.2
8.3 2.2
−2.21 2.03
<0.001
7.7 2.3
−2.76 2.05
<0.001
P
0.548
P
0.672
ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle; LLE: loquat leaf extract; SPPB: short physical performance battery; NA: not applicable. Data are expressed as mean SD. P > 0.05 by two-sample test. Paired -test for within-group. Two-sample test between groups for comparison of the difference from baseline.
