Model Experiment durations Herbal medicine Mechanism involved Reference Implantation (ectopic) H22 cells 5 days Fuzheng-Yiliu granule Induced cell apoptosis. Antitumour effect after combined with 5-FU. Restored decreased level of WBC and lymphocytes. [150 ] H22 cells 5 days Fuzheng-Yiliu granule Induced apoptosis and CD3, CD4, and NK cells in peripheral blood. Increased serum IL-2 and TNFα levels. [49 ] H22 cells 5 days Tagalsin Upregulated wild type p53 and reduced Bcl-2. [151 ] H22 cells 10 days Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide Induced apoptosis via P53/PI3K/AKT pathway. [152 ] H22 cells 10 days Macrothelypteris viridifrons Inhibited expressions of VEGF and CD34. [153 , 154 ] Hepa 1–6 cells 14 days Yupingfeng powder Reduced MDA, SOD activities in liver and lung. [155 ] H22 cells 14 days Eupolyphaga sinensis WalkerIncreased TNFα and IFN-γ and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; activated caspase-3. [48 ] H22 cells 14 days Radix Glycyrrhizae polysaccharide Reduced Treg population and Foxp3. Increased serum Th1/Th2 cytokine. [156 ] H22 cells 15 days Toosendanin, from Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. Reduced Bcl-2; increased Bax and Fas. [157 ] Hep3B cells 15 days Andrographolide, from Andrographis paniculata Reduced GSH; increased p-JNK, ASK1, MKK4, and c-Jun. [158 ] S180 and H22 ascites cells 15 days Dioscorea bulbifera L. rhizome [159 ] 20 days Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin Increased expressions of cyclin D and cyclin E. [49 , 154 ] Bel-7402 cells 25 days Sulfated glycopeptide from Gekko swinhonis Guenther Inhibited bFGF production. [152 , 160 ] HepG2 cells 3 wks pennogenyl saponins from rhizoma paridis Decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-3; decreased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and increased p38 and JNK phosphorylation. [161 ] SMMC-7721 cells 4 wks Luteoloside from Gentiana macrophylla Decreased ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome. Inactivated caspase-1 and IL-1β . [162 ] MHCC97L cells 4 wks Coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract Increased phosphorylation of eEF2. [48 , 51 ] MHCC97L cells 4 wks Huanglian Jiedu decoction Inactivated eEF2, induced eEF2k and AMPK. [52 ] MHCC97-H cells 5 wks Corilagin Activated p-p53-p21(Cip1) -cdc2/cyclin B1. [156 , 163 ] Hedyotis diffusa Willd.Downregulated expressions of CDK2, cyclin E, and E2F1. [157 , 164 ] Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin Inhibited expressions of expression of Bmi1 and Wnt/beta-catenin. [158 , 165 ] Triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii Increased ROS and caspase-3 activity; induced Bax and inhibit Bcl-2 after addition of 5-FU. [166 ] Invigorating spleen and detoxification decoction Increased MHC I/MHC II expression. [167 ] Livistona chinensis seedsInhibited angiogenesis via reduction of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 and inhibited Notch, Dll4, and Jagged1. [168 ] H22 cells Pinus massoniana bark extractInduced apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways. [169 ] Walker-256 cells Aitongxiao recipe Reduced Bcl-2, survivin. [170 ] H22 cells Xiaoai Jiedu Recipe Reduced CCL3, CXCL2. [171 ] Hep3B cells Piper betle leaf extractsInduced MAPK-p73 pathway. [172 ] H22 cells Ciji Hua’ai Baosheng granule formula [173 ] H22 cells Oxytropis falcata [174 ] H22 cells Corn silk polysaccharides Improved serum IL-2, IL-6, and TNFα levels. [175 ] HepG2/EGFP cells Chaiqiyigan granula Increased Bax; reduced p53 and VEGF combined with taxol. [50 ] Primary hepatic carcinoma Bushen jianpi decoction Reduced VEGF expression. [176 ] Implantation (orthotopic) HepG2 cells expressing red fluorescent protein 25 days Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.Inhibited VEGF. [53 ] MHCC97H cells 35 days Baicalein Reduced MMP-2, MMP-9, and u-PA; increased TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions through ameliorated phosphorylation of ERK. [177 ] Bel-7402 cells 10 wks Jianpijiedu Fang Increased PTEN, pFAK; and reduced PI3K. [178 ] MHCC97L cells Songyou yin Restored E-cadherin and reduced N-cadherin. [179 ] Transgenic mice model X15-myc mice 12 mth Thapring Reduced Bcl2 and overexpression of p21Waf1 . [45 ] Others 25% CCl4 injection, 8% ethanol solution as drinking fluid for 4 weeks, and 20 weeks of 0.5% CCl4 -8% ethanol solution as drinking fluid 8 wks Xiaochaihu decoction Reduced ONOO− , MDA, VMA, LPS-P, and ALP-C; increased ALP-A. [180 ] N -Methyl-N -nitrosourea28 wks Aegle marmelos leaf extractDecreased IL-1β , IL-6, Bcl-2, and c-jun; increased p53 and IL-4. [181 ]
