Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the effects of traditional Chinese medicines on inflammation responses in the inflammatory cascade after cerebral ischemia. TCMs, traditional Chinese medicines; DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; TLRs, toll-like receptors; LFA-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18); ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; 5-LO, 5-lipoxygenase; BBB, blood-brain barrier. Thick solid lines with arrowheads indicate activation, and thin dotted lines indicate inhibition.