A Systematic Review on the Effects of Botanicals on Skeletal Muscle Health in Order to Prevent Sarcopenia

Table 4

Botanicals with counterbalancing muscle damage effects.

Paper	Botanical	Compound	Model	Physiology	Main results
In vitro
Hernández-Santana et al., 2014 [44]	Rhodiola rosea	RR extracts: rosavins and salidroside	Murine skeletal muscle cells	1–100 µg/mL and others	Upregulation of HSP70 mRNA levels and enhancement of the expression by exposure to H2O2 (). Maintenance of HSP70 protein levels in pretreated cell cultures compared to controls (−50%).
Dargelos et al., 2010 [46]	Pinus pinaster	Polyphenols	Cultured human skeletal muscle satellite cells	Oligopin (0.05 mg/mL)	Restoration of cell viability (55.2 ± 3.2% versus 42.3 ± 4.8% in H2O2 treated cells). Abolishment of H2O2 induced apoptotic cell death.
Animals
Haramizu et al., 2013 [20]	Camellia sinensis	Catechins: epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, gallocatechin, and gallocatechin gallate	Mice	0.5% w/w in diet for 3 weeks after downhill running	Mitigation of the running-induced decrease in voluntary wheel-running activity by 35%. Maintenance of endurance running capacity (214 ± 9 versus 189 ± 10 min, ).
Kawanishi et al., 2013 [49]	Curcuma longa	Curcumin	Male C57BL/6 mice	3 mg	Decrease of hydrogen peroxide concentration and NADPH-oxidase mRNA expression ().
Rodriguez et al., 2014 [50]	Camellia sinensis	Green tea extracts	Twelve-week-old female C57BL/6J mice	Green tea extract (0.5% w/vol)	Decrease of BiP, ATF4, XBP1u, and XBP1s mRNA. No activity on CHOP mRNA.
Humans
Shanely et al., 2014 [56]	Rhodiola rosea	Rosavin, salidroside, syringin, triandrin, and tyrosol	55 subjects (48 completing all aspects of the study)	600 mg/day for 30 days prior to, on the day of, and after 7 days of the marathon	No effects on DOMS increased ().
Pumpa et al., 2013 [55]	Panax notoginseng	Saponins (ginsenosides)	Twenty well-trained male volunteers	4000 mg of P. notoginseng capsules	Lower IL-6 concentrations 24 h after the downhill run in the placebo group.
Matsumura et al., 2015 [34]	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Gingerols and shogaols	20 non-weight trained participants	4 g of ginger once a day for 5 days	Acceleration in the recovery of muscle strength following intense exercise.