Paper Botanical Compound Model Physiology Main results In vitro Lee et al., 2013 [45 ] Cichorium intybus (Cii) C2C12 myoblast 5, 10, 25, and 50 µ g/mL Prevention of cell viability loss. Hirasaka et al., 2013 [11 ] Glycine max Isoflavone (genistein and daidzein) C2C12 myotubes 100 µ M Approximately 2-fold increase of SIRT1 mRNA expression. Mirza et al., 2014 [25 ] Camellia sinensis Epigallocatechin-3-gallate C2C12 myotubes 10–150 μ M Reduction of the expression of proteasome 19S and 20S subunits. Reduction of the expression of MuRF-1 and MAFbx. Frati et al., 2014 [29 ] Chestnuts flour Chestnuts flour extract polyphenols or tocopherols or SL-s C2C12 myotube cells Polyphenols (100 nM) or tocopherols (100 nM) Counterbalance of cell atrophy. Γ-Tocopherol and sphingolipids positively affect skeletal muscle cell atrophy. Animals Vitadello et al., 2014 [43 ] Curcuma longa Curcumins Wistar rats (n = 130) 20–40 μ g kg−1 of curcumin About twofold increase of Grp 94 in muscles of ambulatory rats ( Nakashima et al., 2014 [47 ] Chlorella Transgenic mice 1% Chlorella -supplemented diet (CSD group) Improvement of skeletal muscle atrophy and cytochrome C oxidase activity. Recovery of body weight, enhancement of oxidative stress, and increase of CPK. Humans Choquette et al., 2013 [57 ] Glycine max Isoflavones (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) 70 women Isoflavones (70 mg/day) and exercise No effects.
