Paper Botanical Compound Model Physiology Results In vitro Hwang et al., 2015 [14 ] Broussonetia kazinoki Kazinol-P (KP) C2C12 and 10T1/2 cells KP in 2% HS for 48 h, 10–1000 nM Increase of expression of MHC, myogenin, and Troponin-T. Increase in the level of an actively phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK (pp38) in a dose-dependent manner. Lee et al., 2014 [15 ] Corydalis turtschaninovii Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) C2C12 myoblasts and fibroblast 10T1/2 Various concentrations of THP Enhancement of the expression of muscle-specific proteins, including MHC, MyoD, and myogenin. Increase in the levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK. Takeda et al., 2015 [13 ] Hachimijiogan (HJG) Murine skeletal cells HJG treatment (1–200 μ g/mL) 1.23-fold increase in the cell number. Poussard et al., 2013 [27 ] Pinus pinaster Natural antioxidant: short oligomers of catechin and epicatechin Human muscle satellite cells 0.05 mg/mL Block of the apoptosis and the protein oxidation. Recovery of HSPB1. Animals Allouh, 2011 [58 ] Ferula hermonis Ferutinin, teferdin, teferin, and epoxy-benz Adult male rats 60 mg/kg/rat Significant increase in muscle weight, fiber size, and nuclear number. Bennett et al., 2013 [52 ] Vitis vinifera Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) Thirty-six male rats 125 mg/kg/day Favorable changes to type IIA and type IIB muscle fiber CSA and reduction of apoptotic signaling in muscles of old animal. Alway et al., 2015 [48 ] Camellia sinensis Epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate Sixty male rats GTE (50 mg/kg body weight) Counterbalance of the loss of hind limb plantaris muscle mass ( Evans et al., 2010 [9 ] Camellia sinensis Gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate C57BL/6J and mdx mice 0.25% or 0.5% green tea extract Increase in the area of normal fiber morphology ( Ballak et al., 2015 [26 ] Vitis vinifera Resveratrol Mice (male C57BL/6J mice) 0.4 mg per gram body mass per day No modification of the age-related decrease in muscle force, specific tension, or mass. Gutierrez-Salmean et al., 2014 [53 ] Camellia sinensis Epicatechin Young and old C57BL/6 male mice 1 mg/kg b.i.d. Significant decrease of myostatin levels in young and old mice (15% and 21%, resp.). Significant decrease of SA-β -Gal in old SkM (22%). Vazeille et al., 2012 [59 ] Curcuma longa Curcumin Male Wistar rats 1 mg/kg body weight Improvement of recovery during reloading. Sung et al., 2015 [35 ] Eriobotrya japonica Leaf extract Young (5-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats 50 mg/kg/day Enhancement in MyoD, myogenin, and MyHC expression. Activation of mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in muscle protein synthesis during myogenesis. Humans Terauchi et al., 2014 [60 ] Grape seeds Proanthocyanidin of grape seeds 91 women 100 or 200 mg/d proanthocyanidin Changes in lean mass and muscle mass from baseline to 8 weeks significantly higher in treated groups. Gutierrez-Salmean et al., 2014 [53 ] Camellia sinensis Epicatechin Human subjects ( 25 mg of pure Epi (~1 mg/kg/day) Increase in bilateral hand strength of ~7%. Significant increase (49.2 ± 16.6%) in the ratio of plasma follistatin/myostatin levels. Kim et al., 2013 [24 ] Camellia sinensis Catechins 128 women 540 mg of catechins daily Significant group × time interactions in TUG (
Mishra and Trikamji, 2013 [5 ] Withania somnifera Alkaloids and steroidal lactones 35 individuals 500 mg of the whole root extract twice daily; 750 mg twice daily Improvement of the strength and functioning of the muscle.
