Flavonoids Extraction from Propolis Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

<div>Effects of isoproterenol and FP on apoptotic damage and apoptosis-related gene expression in heart tissues. (a) Transmission electron microscopy of heart tissues. (b) The activities of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were measured using a fluorometric assay and expressed as the fold change over the control. (c) mRNA levels of p53, TNFR1, and Fas were determined by real-time RT-PCR. The levels of mRNA were normalized to GAPDH. Relative mRNA levels are shown using arbitrary units, and the value of the control group (CT) is defined as 1. 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id="g113-54"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg> compared to the control group; <svg height="15.3614pt" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-3.833899pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5275 49.4726 15.3614" width="49.4726pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M457 455H370L403 612H360L326 455H218L252 612H210L175 455H77L68 394H161L132 257H31L20 196H117L77 19H120L159 196H268L230 19H272L311 196H402L412 257H325L355 394H447L457 455ZM313 394L283 257H175L204 394H313Z" id="g58-33"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="487" vert-adv-y="487"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.946,-1.651)"><path d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 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id="g113-54"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg> compared to the isoproterenol group).</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig5

Figure 5

Figure 5: Flavonoids Extraction from Propolis Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway 