| Type of study model | Experimental method [subject (age/weight), treatment dosage, duration of treatment] | Major activity | Reference |
| In vivo study | HFD male Wistar rats (200–220 g), DSW 1,000 hardness, ad libitum, 4 weeks | Improved liver function by the decrease of serum levels of AST and ALT. | [19] |
| In vivo study | HFD male Golden Syrian hamsters (5 weeks), DSW 300, 900, and 1500 hardness, ad libitum, 6 weeks | Attenuated serum AST values in hamsters drinking DSW 300, 900, and 1500. Lower serum ALT values in hamsters drinking DSW 900 and DSW 1500. | [33] |
| In vivo study | CFD male New Zealand white rabbits (1500–2000 g) fed diet containing 3.75, 37.5, and 75 mg/kg of Mg, DSW 1410 hardness, 8 weeks | No differences were observed in values of AST and ALT.
| [6] |
| In vivo study | Male hyperlipidemia rabbits (1.8–2.0 g), DSW 1200 hardness, 150 ml/d, ad libitum, 12 weeks | No differences were observed in values of AST and ALT.
| [21] |
| Clinical study | Hypercholesterolemic individuals (23 men and 19 women), DSW (1410 hardness), supplemented 1050 mL daily, 6 weeks | No significant difference of ALT, AST, and BUN levels between treated subjects and controls. | [4] |
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