A 70% Ethanol Extract of Mistletoe Rich in Betulin, Betulinic Acid, and Oleanolic Acid Potentiated β-Cell Function and Mass and Enhanced Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity

Figure 3

Serum glucose and insulin levels and glucose infusion rates during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Px rats fed high-fat diets supplemented with either (1) 0.6% water extract of Korean mistletoe (KMW-W), (2) 0.6% of 70% ethanol extract of Korean mistletoe (KME-E), or (3) 0.6% dextrose (Px-control). As a normal-control group, sham-operated rats were provided with a high-fat diet containing 0.6% dextrose. After an 8-week treatment period, the animals had a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp assay in conscious, free-moving, and overnight fasted rats to determine whole body and hepatic insulin resistance. Glucose infusion rates and glucose uptake at a clamped steady-state (a) and hepatic glucose output at baseline and hyperinsulinemic state about 1100 pM of serum insulin (b) were measured. The sample size in each group was the same as in Table 3. The bars and error bars represent mean ± SD. Values on the bars with different superscripts were significantly different in a Tukey post hoc test at a significance of .

(a)

(b)